diff --git a/Source/VirtualTrees.BaseTree.pas b/Source/VirtualTrees.BaseTree.pas
index 9a47582c..4b8d5b28 100644
--- a/Source/VirtualTrees.BaseTree.pas
+++ b/Source/VirtualTrees.BaseTree.pas
@@ -9617,7 +9617,10 @@ function TBaseVirtualTree.DetermineLineImageAndSelectLevel(Node: PVirtualNode; v
     end;
   end;
 
-  if (tsUseExplorerTheme in FStates) and HasChildren[Node] and (Indent >= 0)
+  // Do not suppress the line under the explorer-style button in band mode: bands are box edges,
+  // not lines pointing at the button, and the band conversion in PaintTreeLines relies on ltNone
+  // never being the last entry (issue #1091: bands disappeared, plus an out-of-bounds read).
+  if (tsUseExplorerTheme in FStates) and HasChildren[Node] and (Indent >= 0) and (FLineMode <> lmBands)
        and not ((vsAllChildrenHidden in Node.States) and (toAutoHideButtons in TreeOptions.AutoOptions)) then
     LineImage[Indent] := ltNone;
 end;
diff --git a/Tests/Tests.dpr b/Tests/Tests.dpr
index 72d36cc5..3f8db77b 100644
--- a/Tests/Tests.dpr
+++ b/Tests/Tests.dpr
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ uses
   VTWorkerThreadIssue1001Tests in 'VTWorkerThreadIssue1001Tests.pas',
   VTOnEditCancelledTests in 'VTOnEditCancelledTests.pas',
   VTOnDrawTextTests in 'VTOnDrawTextTests.pas',
+  VTBandsIssue1091Tests in 'VTBandsIssue1091Tests.pas',
   VTFixedColumnDragIssue1377Tests in 'VTFixedColumnDragIssue1377Tests.pas',
   VTCellSelectionTests in 'VTCellSelectionTests.pas',
   VTPaintToIssue632Tests in 'VTPaintToIssue632Tests.pas',
diff --git a/Tests/VTBandsIssue1091Tests.pas b/Tests/VTBandsIssue1091Tests.pas
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e15f7684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/VTBandsIssue1091Tests.pas
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+unit VTBandsIssue1091Tests;
+
+// Regression test for issue #1091 "Drawing issue when LineMode = lmBands".
+//
+// With the explorer theme active, DetermineLineImageAndSelectLevel() suppresses the
+// tree line under the expand button by overwriting the LAST entry of the line image
+// with ltNone. The band conversion in PaintTreeLines() however documents and relies
+// on the invariant that ltNone never appears as the last entry: on ltNone it copies
+// the style of the entry to the RIGHT, which for the last entry is an out-of-bounds
+// read of the dynamic array. The garbage styles made the bands of every collapsed
+// node with children disappear.
+//
+// The fix skips that suppression in band mode - bands are box edges, not lines
+// pointing at a button. Hence the assertion: with buttons hidden, the band rendering
+// must be pixel-identical whether the explorer theme state is set or not.
+
+interface
+
+uses
+  DUnitX.TestFramework,
+  Classes,
+  System.Types,
+  Vcl.Forms,
+  Vcl.Graphics,
+  VirtualTrees;
+
+type
+  [TestFixture]
+  TVTBandsIssue1091Tests = class
+  strict private
+    fForm: TForm;
+    fTree: TVirtualStringTree;
+    /// Renders the tree offscreen and returns the band/grid pixels as count plus checksum.
+    function RenderBands(out Checksum: Cardinal): Integer;
+  public
+    [Setup]
+    procedure Setup;
+    [TearDown]
+    procedure TearDown;
+
+    /// Bands must render identically with and without the explorer theme state.
+    [Test]
+    procedure ExplorerThemeStateDoesNotChangeBands;
+  end;
+
+implementation
+
+uses
+  Winapi.Windows,
+  System.SysUtils,
+  VirtualTrees.Types,
+  VirtualTrees.BaseTree;
+
+type
+  TTreeCracker = class(TBaseVirtualTree); // for DoStateChange
+
+const
+  BandColor = clRed;
+
+procedure TVTBandsIssue1091Tests.Setup;
+var
+  Root0, Child0, Root1: PVirtualNode;
+begin
+  fForm := TForm.Create(nil);
+  fForm.SetBounds(0, 0, 420, 300);
+  fTree := TVirtualStringTree.Create(fForm);
+  fTree.Parent := fForm;
+  fTree.SetBounds(10, 10, 380, 240);
+  fTree.LineMode := lmBands;
+  fTree.LineStyle := lsSolid;
+  fTree.Colors.GridLineColor := BandColor;
+  // Buttons off: the plus/minus vs. chevron glyphs would differ between the two
+  // renderings; the line suppression under test does not depend on them.
+  fTree.TreeOptions.PaintOptions := fTree.TreeOptions.PaintOptions
+    + [toShowTreeLines, toShowRoot, toShowHorzGridLines, toShowVertGridLines]
+    - [toShowButtons];
+
+  // The broken cases are collapsed nodes WITH children (their last line image entry
+  // got overwritten): one at level 1 inside an expanded root, one at level 0.
+  Root0 := fTree.AddChild(nil);
+  Child0 := fTree.AddChild(Root0);
+  fTree.AddChild(Child0);          // makes Child0 a collapsed parent
+  fTree.AddChild(Root0);
+  Root1 := fTree.AddChild(nil);
+  fTree.AddChild(Root1);           // makes Root1 a collapsed parent
+  fTree.AddChild(nil);
+  fTree.Expanded[Root0] := True;
+
+  fForm.Show;
+  Application.ProcessMessages;
+end;
+
+procedure TVTBandsIssue1091Tests.TearDown;
+begin
+  FreeAndNil(fForm);
+end;
+
+function TVTBandsIssue1091Tests.RenderBands(out Checksum: Cardinal): Integer;
+var
+  Bmp: Vcl.Graphics.TBitmap;
+  X, Y: Integer;
+begin
+  Result := 0;
+  Checksum := 0;
+  Bmp := Vcl.Graphics.TBitmap.Create;
+  try
+    Bmp.PixelFormat := pf24bit;
+    Bmp.SetSize(fTree.ClientWidth, fTree.ClientHeight);
+    Bmp.Canvas.Brush.Color := clWhite;
+    Bmp.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Bmp.Width, Bmp.Height));
+
+    fTree.PaintTree(Bmp.Canvas, Rect(0, 0, Bmp.Width, Bmp.Height), Point(0, 0),
+      [poBackground, poColumnColor, poGridLines]);
+
+    for Y := 0 to Bmp.Height - 1 do
+      for X := 0 to Bmp.Width - 1 do
+        if Bmp.Canvas.Pixels[X, Y] = BandColor then
+        begin
+          Inc(Result);
+          // Position-sensitive checksum so lines moving elsewhere cannot cancel out.
+          Checksum := Checksum xor Cardinal(Y * 4096 + X);
+        end;
+  finally
+    Bmp.Free;
+  end;
+end;
+
+procedure TVTBandsIssue1091Tests.ExplorerThemeStateDoesNotChangeBands;
+var
+  PlainCount, ThemedCount: Integer;
+  PlainSum, ThemedSum: Cardinal;
+begin
+  PlainCount := RenderBands(PlainSum);
+  Assert.IsTrue(PlainCount > 0, 'Sanity: band lines expected in the reference rendering.');
+
+  TTreeCracker(fTree).DoStateChange([tsUseExplorerTheme]);
+  try
+    ThemedCount := RenderBands(ThemedSum);
+  finally
+    TTreeCracker(fTree).DoStateChange([], [tsUseExplorerTheme]);
+  end;
+
+  Assert.AreEqual(PlainCount, ThemedCount,
+    'Explorer theme state must not change the number of band line pixels (issue #1091).');
+  Assert.AreEqual(PlainSum, ThemedSum,
+    'Explorer theme state must not move band lines (issue #1091).');
+end;
+
+initialization
+  TDUnitX.RegisterTestFixture(TVTBandsIssue1091Tests);
+
+end.