Fix async_alert to respect allow_style setting for 3.x branch

[tleonhardt]

This PR fixes the async_alert method and other methods which use it such as async_update_prompt so that it respects the allow_style settable and strips out ANSI escape codes when allow_style is NEVER.

This closes #1581

We will need to make equivalent changes on the main branch after this merges to the 3.x branch but it won't be from a simple cherry-pick.

[github-actions]

🤖 Hi @tleonhardt, I've received your request, and I'm working on it now! You can track my progress in the logs for more details.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
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Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff           @@
##             3.x    #1582   +/-   ##
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  Coverage       ?   99.23%           
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  Files          ?       21           
  Lines          ?     4844           
  Branches       ?        0           
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  Hits           ?     4807           
  Misses         ?       37           
  Partials       ?        0           

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[github-actions]

🤖 I'm sorry @tleonhardt, but I was unable to process your request. Please see the logs for more details.

[kmvanbrunt]

Looks good, but don't cherry pick this into main since I'm rewriting the async_alert code for 4.x.

[tleonhardt]

@kmvanbrunt I'll merge this into the 3.x branch and won't cherry-pick it to main since you are in the middle of re-writing the async_alert code for 4.x. Please make sure the new code respects that allow_style setting.