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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="Maxima is a fairly complete computer algebra system written in Lisp with an emphasis on symbolic computation. It is based on DOE-MACSYMA and licensed under the GPL free software license. Its abilities include symbolic integration, 3D plotting and solving differential equations.">
<meta name="keywords" content="Maxima, CAS, computer algebra, mathematics, Lisp, symbolic computation, MACSYMA, GPL, free software, differential equations, plotting">
<title>Maxima – Computer Algebra Systems</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="maxima.css">
<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="img/maxima.svg">
<link rel="alternate icon" href="img/favicon.ico">
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<img class="contract2 center" alt="Maxima" src="img/maxima-title.svg">
<div class="language">
<button class="languagebtn">文A <span>Languages ⌄</span></button>
<div class="language-content">
<a href="es/compalg.html">Español</a>
<a href="ru/compalg.html">Русский</a>
<a href="tr/compalg.html">Türkçe</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sections">
<button class="sectionsbtn">☰ <span>Sections ⌄</span></button>
<div class="sections-content">
<a href="index.html">Home</a>
<a href="download.html">Installation</a>
<a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a>
<a href="project.html">The Maxima Project</a>
<a href="maximalist.html">Mailing Lists</a>
<a href="faq.html">FAQ</a>
<a href="lisp.html">Maxima and Lisp</a>
<a href="3rdpartycode.html">Third Party Code</a>
<a href="relatedprojects.html">Related Projects</a>
</div>
</div>
<span>A Computer Algebra System</span>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h2>Computer Algebra Systems</h2>
<p>A computer algebra system (CAS) is a software package with the
ability to manipulate mathematical expressions in a way similar to the
way a scientist would do calculations on paper.</p>
<p>A list of the most important Computer Algebra Systems and their
features can be found in the
Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_algebra_systems">List
of computer algebra systems</a>. Here we are concerned only with Free
systems, such as Maxima, where the algorithms used can be found in the
source code, allowing other people to study them, adapt them, modify them
and reuse them.</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h2>Other Free Computer Algebra Systems</h2>
<h4><a href="http://axiom-developer.org/">Axiom</a></h4>
<p>“Axiom is a general purpose q Computer Algebra system. It is useful
for doing mathematics by computer and for research and development of
mathematical algorithms. It defines a strongly typed, mathematically
correct type hierarchy. It has a programming language and a built-in
compiler.”</p>
<p>There is also an
interesting <a href="https://github.com/daly/PDFS/blob/master/rosetta.pdf">Rosetta
Stone</a> which offers translations of many basic operations for
several computer algebra systems, including Maxima.</p>
<h4><a href="https://fricas.github.io/">FriCAS</a></h4>
<p>“FriCAS is an advanced computer algebra system. FriCAS is a fork
(2007) of the Axiom computer algebra system.”</p>
<h4><a href="http://www.gap-system.org/">GAP</a></h4>
<p>“GAP is a system for computational discrete algebra, with
particular emphasis on Computational Group
Theory.”</p>
<h4><a href="http://reduce-algebra.com">REDUCE</a></h4>
<p>“REDUCE is an interactive system for general algebraic computations
of interest to mathematicians, scientists and engineers.”</p>
<h4><a href="http://yacas.sourceforge.net/">Yacas</a></h4>
<p>“YACAS is an easy to use, general purpose Computer Algebra System,
a program for symbolic manipulation of mathematical expressions. It
uses its own programming language designed for symbolic as well as
arbitrary-precision numerical computations.”</p>
<h4><a href="http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/">PARI/GP</a></h4>
<p>“PARI/GP is a widely used computer algebra system designed for fast
computations in number theory (factorizations, algebraic number
theory, elliptic curves...), but also contains a large number of other
useful functions to compute with mathematical entities such as
matrices, polynomials, power series, algebraic numbers etc., and a lot
of transcendental functions.”</p>
<h4><a href="http://www.singular.uni-kl.de/">SINGULAR</a></h4>
<p>“SINGULAR is a Computer Algebra System for polynomial computations
with special emphasis on the needs of commutative algebra, algebraic
geometry, and singularity theory.”</p>
<h4><a href="http://webuser.hs-furtwangen.de/~dersch">Jasymca</a></h4>
<p>“Jasymca is a symbolic calculator written for mobile phones and
PDAs. It solves and manipulates equations, handles basic calculus
problems, and provides a few more typical functions of computer
algebra systems. The syntax is loosely related to Maxima.”</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h2>Other Free Mathematical Software</h2>
<p>Extensive lists of packages can be found
in <a href="http://orms.mfo.de/">Oberwolfach References on
Mathematical Software</a> and
the <a href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Mathematics">Free
mathematical and computational software directory</a></p>
<p>Here we highlight the ones that we consider more relevant to
Maxima:</p>
<h3><a href="https://www.scilab.org/">Scilab</a></h3>
<p>“Scilab is a free and open source software for engineers &
scientists, with a long history (first release in 1994) and a growing
community (100 000 downloads every months worldwide).”</p>
<h3><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/">Octave</a></h3>
<p>“GNU Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for
numerical computations. It provides a convenient command line
interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and
for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is
mostly compatible with Matlab.”</p>
<h3><a href="http://www.r-project.org/">R</a></h3>
<p>“R is a free software environment for statistical computing and
graphics. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms,
Windows and MacOS.”</p>
<h3><a href="http://www.numpy.org/">NumPy</a></h3>
<p>“The fundamental package needed for scientific computing with
Python is called NumPy. This package contains a powerful N-dimensional
array object, sophisticated (broadcasting) functions, tools for
integrating C/C++ and Fortran code, and useful linear algebra, Fourier
transform, and random number capabilities.”</p>
<h3><a href="http://www.mathematik.uni-muenchen.de/~forster/sw/aribas.html">ARIBAS</a></h3>
<p>“ARIBAS is an interactive interpreter for big integer arithmetic
and multi-precision floating point arithmetic with a Pascal/Modula
like syntax. It has several builtin functions for algorithmic number
theory like gcd, Jacobi symbol, Rabin probabilistic prime test,
factorization algorithms (Pollard rho, elliptic curve, continued
fraction, quadratic sieve), etc.”</p>
<h3><a href="http://www2.macaulay2.com/Macaulay2/">Macaulay2</a></h3>
<p>“Macaulay2 is a software system devoted to supporting research in
algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, whose creation has been
funded by the National Science Foundation since 1992. Macaulay2
includes core algorithms for computing Gröbner bases and graded or
multi-graded free resolutions of modules over quotient rings of graded
or multi-graded polynomial rings with a monomial ordering.”</p>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Any questions about Maxima or this site can be sent to our
<a href="mailto:maxima-discuss@lists.sourceforge.net">mailing list</a>.</p>
<span>Last modified: 2026/03/01 17:27:15 UTC</span>
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