diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/public/assets/genetic-car/car-hatchback-blue.obj b/apps/typegpu-docs/public/assets/genetic-car/car-hatchback-blue.obj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfdc3dc755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/public/assets/genetic-car/car-hatchback-blue.obj
@@ -0,0 +1,2505 @@
+# Blender v2.71 (sub 0) OBJ File: 'export_setup.blend'
+# www.blender.org
+mtllib car-hatchback-blue.mtl
+o car-hatchback-blue_Cube.031
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+f 1082 1081 1177
+f 1179 1161 1178
+f 1163 1162 1181
+f 1165 1164 1183
+f 1167 1166 1185
+f 1174 1079 1173
+g car-hatchback-blue_Cube.031_lights.red
+usemtl lights.red
+f 9 10 8
+f 5 672 670
+f 668 671 2
+f 4 659 673
+f 674 3 2
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+f 1022 331 1020
+f 327 328 1018
+f 1025 1023 330
+f 329 1024 328
+f 1310 1010 1360
+f 1017 1359 1019
+f 337 1012 338
+g car-hatchback-blue_Cube.031_lights.orange
+usemtl lights.orange
+f 13 15 16
+f 321 319 323
+f 677 17 18
+f 682 19 20
+f 685 21 22
+f 23 24 686
+f 25 26 689
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+f 1289 1287 1354
+f 658 657 1298
+f 1356 1361 1286
+f 645 1352 1362
+f 1288 648 1353
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/draw-mode.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/draw-mode.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79ae96422b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/draw-mode.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import { createTrackOverlay } from './overlay.ts';
+
+const MAX_CONTROL_POINTS = 512;
+
+type DrawModeControllerOptions = {
+  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  onEnter?: () => void;
+  onExit?: () => void;
+  onPreviewTrack: (points: Float32Array) => void;
+  onClearPreview?: () => void;
+};
+
+export function createDrawModeController({
+  canvas,
+  onEnter,
+  onExit,
+  onPreviewTrack,
+  onClearPreview,
+}: DrawModeControllerOptions) {
+  const overlay = createTrackOverlay(canvas);
+  const controlPoints = new Float32Array(MAX_CONTROL_POINTS * 2);
+
+  let active = false;
+  let pointCount = 0;
+  let dragIndex: number | null = null;
+
+  function currentPoints() {
+    return controlPoints.subarray(0, pointCount * 2);
+  }
+
+  function render() {
+    overlay.render(controlPoints, pointCount, dragIndex);
+  }
+
+  function clearPoints() {
+    pointCount = 0;
+    dragIndex = null;
+  }
+
+  function refreshPreview() {
+    if (!active) {
+      return;
+    }
+    render();
+    if (pointCount < 4) {
+      return;
+    }
+    onPreviewTrack(currentPoints());
+  }
+
+  function enter() {
+    if (active) {
+      return;
+    }
+    active = true;
+    clearPoints();
+    onEnter?.();
+    onClearPreview?.();
+    canvas.style.cursor = 'crosshair';
+    overlay.show();
+    render();
+  }
+
+  function exit() {
+    if (!active) {
+      return;
+    }
+    active = false;
+    dragIndex = null;
+    canvas.style.cursor = '';
+    overlay.hide();
+    onExit?.();
+  }
+
+  function confirm() {
+    if (!active || pointCount < 4) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return new Float32Array(currentPoints());
+  }
+
+  function handleAspectChange() {
+    if (!active) {
+      return;
+    }
+    clearPoints();
+    onClearPreview?.();
+    render();
+  }
+
+  const handleMouseDown = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+    if (!active || event.button !== 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    event.preventDefault();
+    const [trackX, trackY] = overlay.clientToTrack(event.clientX, event.clientY);
+    const hitIndex = overlay.findNearest(controlPoints, pointCount, trackX, trackY);
+    if (hitIndex !== null) {
+      dragIndex = hitIndex;
+      canvas.style.cursor = 'grabbing';
+      return;
+    }
+    if (pointCount >= MAX_CONTROL_POINTS) {
+      return;
+    }
+    controlPoints[pointCount * 2] = trackX;
+    controlPoints[pointCount * 2 + 1] = trackY;
+    pointCount++;
+    dragIndex = null;
+    refreshPreview();
+  };
+
+  const handleMouseMove = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+    if (!active) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const [trackX, trackY] = overlay.clientToTrack(event.clientX, event.clientY);
+    if (dragIndex !== null) {
+      controlPoints[dragIndex * 2] = trackX;
+      controlPoints[dragIndex * 2 + 1] = trackY;
+      refreshPreview();
+      return;
+    }
+    canvas.style.cursor =
+      overlay.findNearest(controlPoints, pointCount, trackX, trackY) !== null
+        ? 'grab'
+        : 'crosshair';
+  };
+
+  const handleMouseUp = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+    if (!active || event.button !== 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    dragIndex = null;
+    canvas.style.cursor = 'crosshair';
+  };
+
+  const handleContextMenu = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+    if (!active) {
+      return;
+    }
+    event.preventDefault();
+    if (pointCount === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    pointCount--;
+    refreshPreview();
+  };
+
+  canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', handleMouseDown);
+  canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+  canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
+  canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', handleContextMenu);
+
+  return {
+    get active() {
+      return active;
+    },
+
+    get pointCount() {
+      return pointCount;
+    },
+
+    enter,
+    exit,
+    confirm,
+    refreshPreview,
+    handleAspectChange,
+
+    destroy() {
+      canvas.removeEventListener('mousedown', handleMouseDown);
+      canvas.removeEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+      canvas.removeEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
+      canvas.removeEventListener('contextmenu', handleContextMenu);
+      overlay.destroy();
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/ga.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/ga.ts
index 95f4e5f452..3ad7155a22 100644
--- a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/ga.ts
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/ga.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ export const SimParams = d.struct({
   mutationRate: d.f32,
   mutationStrength: d.f32,
   carSize: d.f32,
-  trackScale: d.f32,
   trackLength: d.f32,
   spawnX: d.f32,
   spawnY: d.f32,
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ export const SimParams = d.struct({
 
 export const CarStateArray = d.arrayOf(CarState, MAX_POP);
 export const GenomeArray = d.arrayOf(Genome, MAX_POP);
-export const CarStateLayout = d.arrayOf(CarState);
 
 export const paramsAccess = tgpu.accessor(SimParams);
 
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ const randSignedMat4x4 = () => {
 
 const makeSpawnState = () => {
   'use gpu';
-  const spawn = d.vec2f(paramsAccess.$.spawnX, paramsAccess.$.spawnY) * paramsAccess.$.trackScale;
+  const spawn = d.vec2f(paramsAccess.$.spawnX, paramsAccess.$.spawnY);
   return CarState({
     position: spawn,
     angle: paramsAccess.$.spawnAngle,
@@ -196,14 +194,14 @@ const initShader = (i: number) => {
   randf.seed2(d.vec2f(d.f32(i) + 1, paramsAccess.$.generation + 11));
 
   initLayout.$.genome[i] = Genome({
-    h1: InputLayer({
+    h1: {
       wA: randSignedMat4x4(),
       wB: randSignedMat4x4(),
       wC: randSignedMat4x4(),
       bias: d.vec4f(),
-    }),
-    h2: DenseLayer({ w: randSignedMat4x4(), bias: d.vec4f() }),
-    out: OutputLayer({ steer: randSignedVec4(), throttle: randSignedVec4(), bias: d.vec2f() }),
+    },
+    h2: { w: randSignedMat4x4(), bias: d.vec4f() },
+    out: { steer: randSignedVec4(), throttle: randSignedVec4(), bias: d.vec2f() },
   });
   initLayout.$.state[i] = makeSpawnState();
 };
@@ -279,11 +277,11 @@ export function createGeneticPopulation(root: TgpuRoot, params: TgpuUniform<type
       return genomeBuffers[current];
     },
 
-    init() {
+    init(population: number) {
       current = 0;
       generation = 0;
-      initPipeline.with(initBindGroups[0]).dispatchThreads(MAX_POP);
-      initPipeline.with(initBindGroups[1]).dispatchThreads(MAX_POP);
+      initPipeline.with(initBindGroups[0]).dispatchThreads(population);
+      initPipeline.with(initBindGroups[1]).dispatchThreads(population);
     },
 
     reinitCurrent(population: number) {
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/index.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/index.ts
index d688cfd955..d96fe39f16 100644
--- a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/index.ts
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/index.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 import tgpu, { common, d, std } from 'typegpu';
+import { Camera, setupOrbitCamera } from '../../common/setup-orbit-camera.ts';
 import { defineControls } from '../../common/defineControls.ts';
-import { generateGridTrack, type TrackResult } from './track.ts';
+import type { TrackResult } from './track.ts';
+import { createStatsDisplay } from './stats.ts';
+import { createDrawModeController } from './draw-mode.ts';
+import {
+  carModelVertexLayout,
+  loadCarModel,
+  MODEL_HALF_LENGTH,
+  MODEL_Z_CENTER,
+} from './load-car-model.ts';
+import { createTrackState, GRID_SIZE_KEYS, type GridSizeKey } from './track-state.ts';
 import {
   CarState,
   CarStateArray,
-  CarStateLayout,
   DEFAULT_POP,
   FitnessArray,
   Genome,
@@ -25,7 +34,7 @@ const presentationFormat = navigator.gpu.getPreferredCanvasFormat();
 
 const STEPS_PER_DISPATCH = 32;
 
-const BASE_SPATIAL_PARAMS = {
+const BASE_CAR = {
   maxSpeed: 1.6,
   accel: 0.2,
   turnRate: 5.5,
@@ -41,19 +50,20 @@ const params = root.createUniform(SimParams, {
   population: DEFAULT_POP,
   mutationRate: 0.05,
   mutationStrength: 0.15,
-  trackScale: 0.9,
+
   trackLength: 1,
   spawnX: 0,
   spawnY: 0,
   spawnAngle: 0,
   stepsPerDispatch: STEPS_PER_DISPATCH,
-  ...BASE_SPATIAL_PARAMS,
+  ...BASE_CAR,
 });
 
 const ga = createGeneticPopulation(root, params);
+const cameraUniform = root.createUniform(Camera);
 
 const trackTexture = root['~unstable']
-  .createTexture({ size: [512, 512], format: 'rgba8unorm' })
+  .createTexture({ size: [1024, 1024], format: 'rgba8unorm', mipLevelCount: 6 })
   .$usage('render', 'sampled');
 const trackView = trackTexture.createView();
 
@@ -70,30 +80,41 @@ const carSpriteTexture = root['~unstable']
 carSpriteTexture.write(carBitmap);
 const carSpriteView = carSpriteTexture.createView();
 
+const carModel = await loadCarModel(root);
+
 const linearSampler = root['~unstable'].createSampler({
   magFilter: 'linear',
   minFilter: 'linear',
+  mipmapFilter: 'linear',
 });
 const nearestSampler = root['~unstable'].createSampler({
   magFilter: 'nearest',
   minFilter: 'nearest',
 });
 
-const toTrackSpace = (p: d.v2f) => {
-  'use gpu';
-  return p / params.$.trackScale;
-};
+let depthTexture = root['~unstable']
+  .createTexture({ size: [canvas.width, canvas.height], format: 'depth24plus' })
+  .$usage('render');
 
 const toTrackUV = (p: d.v2f) => {
   'use gpu';
-  const uvBase = (toTrackSpace(p) + 1) * 0.5;
-  return d.vec2f(uvBase.x, 1 - uvBase.y);
+  return d.vec2f((p.x / params.$.aspect) * 0.5 + 0.5, 0.5 - p.y * 0.5);
 };
 
 const sampleTrack = (p: d.v2f, sampler: d.sampler) => {
   'use gpu';
-  const sample = std.textureSampleLevel(trackView.$, sampler, toTrackUV(p), 0);
-  return d.vec3f(sample.xy * 2 - 1, sample.z);
+  const uv = toTrackUV(p);
+  const inBounds = uv.x >= 0 && uv.x <= 1 && uv.y >= 0 && uv.y <= 1;
+  const sample = std.textureSampleLevel(trackView.$, sampler, uv, 0);
+  return d.vec3f(sample.xy * 2 - 1, std.select(0, sample.z, inBounds));
+};
+
+const sampleTrackFrag = (p: d.v2f, sampler: d.sampler) => {
+  'use gpu';
+  const uv = toTrackUV(p);
+  const inBounds = uv.x >= 0 && uv.x <= 1 && uv.y >= 0 && uv.y <= 1;
+  const sample = std.textureSample(trackView.$, sampler, uv);
+  return d.vec3f(sample.xy * 2 - 1, std.select(d.f32(0), sample.z, inBounds));
 };
 
 const rotate = (v: d.v2f, angle: number) => {
@@ -230,7 +251,7 @@ const simulatePipeline = root.createGuardedComputePipeline((i) => {
 
     const alive = std.select(d.u32(0), d.u32(1), onTrack);
     const forward = std.dot(dir, trackEnd.xy);
-    const lapLength = params.$.trackLength * params.$.trackScale;
+    const lapLength = params.$.trackLength;
 
     curPosition = std.select(curPosition, position, onTrack);
     curAngle = std.select(curAngle, angle, onTrack);
@@ -278,6 +299,20 @@ const reductionBindGroups = [0, 1].map((i) =>
   }),
 );
 
+const followEnabledBuffer = root.createBuffer(d.u32, 0).$usage('uniform');
+
+const rayMarchLayout = tgpu.bindGroupLayout({
+  carState: { storage: CarStateArray },
+  followEnabled: { uniform: d.u32 },
+});
+
+const rayMarchBindGroups = [0, 1].map((i) =>
+  root.createBindGroup(rayMarchLayout, {
+    carState: ga.stateBuffers[i],
+    followEnabled: followEnabledBuffer,
+  }),
+);
+
 const reductionPipeline = root.createGuardedComputePipeline((i) => {
   'use gpu';
   if (d.u32(i) >= params.$.population) {
@@ -309,7 +344,7 @@ const trackFragment = tgpu.fragmentFn({
 })(({ uv }) => {
   'use gpu';
   const p = d.vec2f((uv.x * 2 - 1) * params.$.aspect, 1 - uv.y * 2);
-  const sample = sampleTrack(p, linearSampler.$);
+  const sample = sampleTrackFrag(p, linearSampler.$);
 
   const mask = sample.z;
   const color = std.mix(colors.grass.$, colors.road.$, mask);
@@ -366,7 +401,7 @@ const carFragment = tgpu.fragmentFn({
   return d.vec4f(rgb * a, a);
 });
 
-const instanceLayout = tgpu.vertexLayout(CarStateLayout, 'instance');
+const instanceLayout = tgpu.vertexLayout(d.arrayOf(CarState), 'instance');
 
 const carPipeline = root.createRenderPipeline({
   attribs: {
@@ -387,30 +422,274 @@ const carPipeline = root.createRenderPipeline({
   },
 });
 
+const rayMarchFragment = tgpu.fragmentFn({
+  in: { uv: d.vec2f },
+  out: { color: d.vec4f, fragDepth: d.builtin.fragDepth },
+})(({ uv }) => {
+  'use gpu';
+  const carPos = rayMarchLayout.$.carState[0].position;
+  const followOffset = std.select(
+    d.vec3f(0, 0, 0),
+    d.vec3f(carPos.x, 0, carPos.y),
+    rayMarchLayout.$.followEnabled === 1,
+  );
+  const ndc = (uv * 2 - 1) * d.vec2f(1, -1);
+  const farView = cameraUniform.$.projectionInverse * d.vec4f(ndc, 1, 1);
+  const farWorld = cameraUniform.$.viewInverse * d.vec4f(farView.xyz / farView.w, 1);
+  const orbitCamPos = cameraUniform.$.position.xyz;
+  const rd = std.normalize(farWorld.xyz - orbitCamPos);
+  const ro = orbitCamPos + followOffset;
+
+  const safeRdY = std.select(d.f32(1), rd.y, std.abs(rd.y) > 0.001);
+  const tGround = -ro.y / safeRdY;
+  const intersects = std.abs(rd.y) > 0.001 && tGround > 0;
+
+  const hitP = ro + rd * std.select(d.f32(0), tGround, intersects);
+  const trackMask = sampleTrackFrag(d.vec2f(hitP.x, hitP.z), linearSampler.$).z;
+
+  // From below, only road is opaque; grass is transparent → sky
+  const hit = intersects && (ro.y >= 0 || trackMask > 0.5);
+  const dO = std.select(d.f32(0), tGround, hit);
+
+  const surfColor =
+    std.mix(colors.grass.$, colors.road.$, trackMask) +
+    colors.paint.$ * (1 - std.smoothstep(0.6, 0.95, trackMask)) * trackMask;
+  // Flat ground normal, flipped for below-view
+  const N = std.select(d.vec3f(0, -1, 0), d.vec3f(0, 1, 0), ro.y > 0);
+  const lightDir = std.normalize(d.vec3f(0.5, 2.0, 0.8));
+  const lit = surfColor * (0.2 + std.max(std.dot(N, lightDir), d.f32(0)) * 0.8);
+  const sky = d.vec3f(0.07, 0.09, 0.13);
+  const fog = std.clamp(dO / d.f32(20), 0, 1);
+
+  const hitOrbit = hitP - followOffset;
+  const clipPos = cameraUniform.$.projection * cameraUniform.$.view * d.vec4f(hitOrbit, 1);
+  const depth = clipPos.z / clipPos.w;
+
+  return {
+    color: d.vec4f(std.select(sky, std.mix(lit, sky, fog * fog), hit), 1),
+    fragDepth: std.select(d.f32(1), depth, hit),
+  };
+});
+
+const rayMarchPipeline = root.createRenderPipeline({
+  vertex: common.fullScreenTriangle,
+  fragment: rayMarchFragment,
+  targets: { color: { format: presentationFormat } },
+  depthStencil: { format: 'depth24plus', depthWriteEnabled: true, depthCompare: 'always' },
+});
+
+const carModelVertex = tgpu.vertexFn({
+  in: {
+    modelPosition: d.vec3f,
+    modelNormal: d.vec3f,
+    position: d.vec2f,
+    angle: d.f32,
+    alive: d.u32,
+    progress: d.f32,
+  },
+  out: { pos: d.builtin.position, normal: d.vec3f, progress: d.f32 },
+})((input) => {
+  'use gpu';
+  // Scale so car half-length = carSize
+  const scale = params.$.carSize / MODEL_HALF_LENGTH;
+  // Center model along its Z axis (front/back), y bottom is already at 0
+  const centered = d.vec3f(
+    input.modelPosition.x,
+    input.modelPosition.y,
+    input.modelPosition.z - MODEL_Z_CENTER,
+  );
+  const scaled = centered * scale;
+  const cosA = std.cos(input.angle);
+  const sinA = std.sin(input.angle);
+  const rotated = d.vec3f(
+    scaled.z * cosA + scaled.x * sinA,
+    scaled.y,
+    scaled.z * sinA - scaled.x * cosA,
+  );
+  const carPos = rayMarchLayout.$.carState[0].position;
+  const followOffset = std.select(
+    d.vec3f(),
+    d.vec3f(carPos.x, 0, carPos.y),
+    rayMarchLayout.$.followEnabled === 1,
+  );
+  const world = d.vec3f(
+    rotated.x + input.position.x - followOffset.x,
+    rotated.y + 0.001,
+    rotated.z + input.position.y - followOffset.z,
+  );
+  const vp = cameraUniform.$.projection * cameraUniform.$.view * d.vec4f(world, 1);
+  const rotNormal = d.vec3f(
+    input.modelNormal.z * cosA + input.modelNormal.x * sinA,
+    input.modelNormal.y,
+    input.modelNormal.z * sinA - input.modelNormal.x * cosA,
+  );
+  return {
+    pos: std.select(d.vec4f(), vp, input.alive === 1),
+    normal: rotNormal,
+    progress: input.progress,
+  };
+});
+
+const carModelFragment = tgpu.fragmentFn({
+  in: { normal: d.vec3f, progress: d.f32 },
+  out: d.vec4f,
+})(({ normal, progress }) => {
+  'use gpu';
+  const t = std.smoothstep(0, 1, progress);
+  const baseColor = std.mix(d.vec3f(0.4, 0.6, 1.0), d.vec3f(1.0, 0.85, 0.15), t);
+  const lightDir = std.normalize(d.vec3f(0.5, 2.0, 0.8));
+  const diff = std.max(std.dot(normal, lightDir), 0);
+  return d.vec4f(baseColor * (0.2 + diff * 0.8), 1);
+});
+
+const carModelPipeline = root.createRenderPipeline({
+  attribs: {
+    modelPosition: carModelVertexLayout.attrib.modelPosition,
+    modelNormal: carModelVertexLayout.attrib.modelNormal,
+    position: instanceLayout.attrib.position,
+    angle: instanceLayout.attrib.angle,
+    alive: instanceLayout.attrib.alive,
+    progress: instanceLayout.attrib.progress,
+  },
+  vertex: carModelVertex,
+  fragment: carModelFragment,
+  primitive: { topology: 'triangle-list' },
+  depthStencil: { format: 'depth24plus', depthWriteEnabled: true, depthCompare: 'less' },
+  targets: { format: presentationFormat },
+});
+
 let steps = 0;
 let stepsPerFrame = STEPS_PER_DISPATCH;
 let stepsPerGeneration = 2048;
 let paused = false;
 let lastAspect = 1;
+let lastCanvasWidth = canvas.width;
+let lastCanvasHeight = canvas.height;
 let population = DEFAULT_POP;
 let rafHandle = 0;
 let pendingEvolve = false;
 let showBestOnly = false;
-let hasChampion = false;
 let displayedBestFitness = 0;
 
-const statsDiv = document.querySelector('.stats') as HTMLDivElement;
+let is3DMode = false;
+let cleanupOrbitCamera: (() => void) | null = null;
+let followCamPos = d.vec4f(0, 0.8, 2, 1);
+let followCamTarget = d.vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1);
 
-function updateAspect() {
-  if (!canvas.width || !canvas.height) {
+function getAspect(): number {
+  return canvas.width && canvas.height ? canvas.width / canvas.height : 1;
+}
+
+function activateOrbitCamera() {
+  const { cleanupCamera } = setupOrbitCamera(
+    canvas,
+    { initPos: d.vec4f(followCamPos), target: d.vec4f(followCamTarget), minZoom: 0.3, maxZoom: 8 },
+    (u) => {
+      cameraUniform.writePartial(u);
+      if (u.position !== undefined) {
+        followCamPos = u.position;
+      }
+      if (u.targetPos !== undefined) {
+        followCamTarget = u.targetPos;
+      }
+    },
+  );
+  cleanupOrbitCamera = cleanupCamera;
+}
+
+/** Write an all-grass (mask = 0) texture so the old track disappears immediately. */
+function writeBlankTrackTexture() {
+  const size = 512;
+  const data = new Uint8ClampedArray(size * size * 4);
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4) {
+    data[i] = 128; // neutral dir x
+    data[i + 1] = 128; // neutral dir y
+    data[i + 2] = 0; // mask = 0 → off-track
+    data[i + 3] = 255;
+  }
+  trackTexture.write(new ImageData(data, size, size));
+  trackTexture.generateMipmaps();
+}
+
+const trackState = createTrackState({
+  baseCar: BASE_CAR,
+  applyTrack,
+  applyCarParams: (nextCarParams) => {
+    params.writePartial(nextCarParams);
+  },
+});
+
+const drawMode = createDrawModeController({
+  canvas,
+  onEnter: () => {
+    cleanupOrbitCamera?.();
+    cleanupOrbitCamera = null;
+    paused = true;
+  },
+  onExit: () => {
+    if (is3DMode) {
+      activateOrbitCamera();
+    }
+  },
+  onPreviewTrack: (points) => {
+    trackState.previewDrawnTrack(points, getAspect());
+  },
+  onClearPreview: writeBlankTrackTexture,
+});
+
+function enterDrawMode() {
+  drawMode.enter();
+}
+
+function confirmTrack() {
+  const drawnTrack = drawMode.confirm();
+  if (!drawnTrack) {
     return;
   }
-  const nextAspect = canvas.width / canvas.height;
-  if (Math.abs(nextAspect - lastAspect) < 0.001) {
+  trackState.confirmDrawnTrack(drawnTrack, getAspect());
+  drawMode.exit();
+  paused = false;
+  startSimulation();
+}
+
+function cancelDraw() {
+  if (!drawMode.active) {
     return;
   }
+  drawMode.exit();
+  trackState.applyCurrentGridTrack(getAspect());
+  paused = false;
+  startSimulation();
+}
+
+const statsEl = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('.stats');
+if (!statsEl) {
+  throw new Error('Missing .stats element');
+}
+const stats = createStatsDisplay(statsEl);
+
+function updateAspect() {
+  if (!canvas.width || !canvas.height) return;
+
+  if (canvas.width !== lastCanvasWidth || canvas.height !== lastCanvasHeight) {
+    lastCanvasWidth = canvas.width;
+    lastCanvasHeight = canvas.height;
+    depthTexture.destroy();
+    depthTexture = root['~unstable']
+      .createTexture({ size: [canvas.width, canvas.height], format: 'depth24plus' })
+      .$usage('render');
+  }
+
+  const nextAspect = canvas.width / canvas.height;
+  if (Math.abs(nextAspect - lastAspect) < 0.001) return;
   lastAspect = nextAspect;
   params.writePartial({ aspect: nextAspect });
+
+  if (drawMode.active) {
+    drawMode.handleAspectChange();
+  } else {
+    trackState.applyCurrentGridTrack(nextAspect);
+  }
 }
 
 function updatePopulation(nextPopulation: number) {
@@ -423,80 +702,129 @@ function updatePopulation(nextPopulation: number) {
   ga.reinitCurrent(population);
 }
 
-function frame() {
-  updateAspect();
+function updateFollowMode() {
+  followEnabledBuffer.write(is3DMode && showBestOnly ? 1 : 0);
+}
 
-  if (!paused) {
-    if (pendingEvolve) {
-      ga.evolve(population);
-      if (hasChampion) {
-        const src = root.unwrap(championGenomeBuffer);
-        const encoder = root.device.createCommandEncoder();
-        encoder.copyBufferToBuffer(src, 0, root.unwrap(ga.genomeBuffers[ga.current]), 0, src.size);
-        root.device.queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
-      }
-      steps = 0;
-      params.writePartial({ generation: ga.generation });
-      pendingEvolve = false;
-    }
+function evolvePendingGeneration() {
+  if (!pendingEvolve) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ga.evolve(population);
+  const source = root.unwrap(championGenomeBuffer);
+  const encoder = root.device.createCommandEncoder();
+  encoder.copyBufferToBuffer(source, 0, root.unwrap(ga.genomeBuffers[ga.current]), 0, source.size);
+  root.device.queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
+  steps = 0;
+  params.writePartial({ generation: ga.generation });
+  pendingEvolve = false;
+}
 
-    const stepsToRun = Math.min(stepsPerFrame, stepsPerGeneration - steps);
-    if (stepsToRun <= 0) {
-      pendingEvolve = true;
-    } else {
-      const innerSteps = Math.min(stepsToRun, STEPS_PER_DISPATCH);
-      params.writePartial({ stepsPerDispatch: innerSteps });
-      const dispatchCount = Math.ceil(stepsToRun / innerSteps);
-
-      const simEncoder = root.device.createCommandEncoder();
-      for (let dispatch = 0; dispatch < dispatchCount; dispatch++) {
-        simulatePipeline
-          .with(simBindGroups[ga.current])
-          .with(simEncoder)
-          .dispatchThreads(population);
-      }
-      root.device.queue.submit([simEncoder.finish()]);
+function runSimulationDispatches() {
+  if (steps >= stepsPerGeneration) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const stepsToRun = Math.min(stepsPerFrame, stepsPerGeneration - steps);
+  const innerSteps = Math.min(stepsToRun, STEPS_PER_DISPATCH);
+  params.writePartial({ stepsPerDispatch: innerSteps });
+  const dispatchCount = Math.ceil(stepsToRun / innerSteps);
+
+  const simEncoder = root.device.createCommandEncoder();
+  for (let dispatch = 0; dispatch < dispatchCount; dispatch++) {
+    simulatePipeline.with(simBindGroups[ga.current]).with(simEncoder).dispatchThreads(population);
+  }
+  root.device.queue.submit([simEncoder.finish()]);
 
-      steps += dispatchCount * innerSteps;
-    }
+  steps += dispatchCount * innerSteps;
+}
 
-    if (steps >= stepsPerGeneration) {
-      pendingEvolve = true;
-      ga.precomputeFitness(population);
-      const bg = reductionBindGroups[ga.current];
-
-      const reductionEncoder = root.device.createCommandEncoder();
-      reductionEncoder.clearBuffer(root.unwrap(reductionPackedBuffer));
-      reductionPipeline.with(bg).with(reductionEncoder).dispatchThreads(population);
-      finalizeReductionPipeline.with(bg).with(reductionEncoder).dispatchThreads(1);
-      root.device.queue.submit([reductionEncoder.finish()]);
-
-      hasChampion = true;
-      void bestFitnessBuffer.read().then((fitness) => {
-        displayedBestFitness = fitness;
-      });
-    }
+function finalizeGenerationIfNeeded() {
+  if (steps < stepsPerGeneration || pendingEvolve) {
+    return;
   }
+  pendingEvolve = true;
+  ga.precomputeFitness(population);
+  const bindGroup = reductionBindGroups[ga.current];
+
+  const reductionEncoder = root.device.createCommandEncoder();
+  reductionEncoder.clearBuffer(root.unwrap(reductionPackedBuffer));
+  reductionPipeline.with(bindGroup).with(reductionEncoder).dispatchThreads(population);
+  finalizeReductionPipeline.with(bindGroup).with(reductionEncoder).dispatchThreads(1);
+  root.device.queue.submit([reductionEncoder.finish()]);
+
+  void bestFitnessBuffer.read().then((fitness) => {
+    displayedBestFitness = fitness;
+  });
+}
 
-  const genStr = String(ga.generation).padStart(5);
-  const stepStr = String(steps).padStart(String(stepsPerGeneration).length);
-  const bestStr = displayedBestFitness.toFixed(2).padStart(6);
-  statsDiv.textContent = `Gen ${genStr}  Step ${stepStr}/${stepsPerGeneration}  Pop ${population}  Best ${bestStr}`;
+function advanceSimulationFrame() {
+  evolvePendingGeneration();
+  runSimulationDispatches();
+  finalizeGenerationIfNeeded();
+}
 
-  trackPipeline.withColorAttachment({ view: context, clearValue: [0.04, 0.05, 0.07, 1] }).draw(3);
+function render3DFrame() {
+  rayMarchPipeline
+    .with(rayMarchBindGroups[ga.current])
+    .withColorAttachment({ color: { view: context, clearValue: [0.07, 0.09, 0.13, 1] } })
+    .withDepthStencilAttachment({
+      view: depthTexture,
+      depthClearValue: 1,
+      depthLoadOp: 'clear',
+      depthStoreOp: 'store',
+    })
+    .draw(3);
+  carModelPipeline
+    .with(rayMarchBindGroups[ga.current])
+    .with(carModelVertexLayout, carModel.vertexBuffer)
+    .with(instanceLayout, ga.currentStateBuffer)
+    .withColorAttachment({ view: context, loadOp: 'load' })
+    .withDepthStencilAttachment({
+      view: depthTexture,
+      depthLoadOp: 'load',
+      depthStoreOp: 'store',
+    })
+    .draw(carModel.vertexCount, showBestOnly ? 1 : population);
+}
 
+function render2DFrame() {
+  trackPipeline.withColorAttachment({ view: context, clearValue: [0.04, 0.05, 0.07, 1] }).draw(3);
+  if (drawMode.active) {
+    return;
+  }
   carPipeline
-    .withColorAttachment({ view: context, loadOp: 'load', storeOp: 'store' })
+    .withColorAttachment({ view: context, loadOp: 'load' })
     .with(instanceLayout, ga.currentStateBuffer)
-    .draw(4, showBestOnly && hasChampion ? 1 : population);
+    .draw(4, showBestOnly ? 1 : population);
+}
+
+function frame() {
+  updateAspect();
+
+  if (!paused) {
+    advanceSimulationFrame();
+  }
+
+  if (drawMode.active) {
+    stats.setDrawMode(drawMode.pointCount);
+  } else {
+    stats.setSimulation(ga.generation, steps, stepsPerGeneration, population, displayedBestFitness);
+  }
+
+  if (is3DMode && !drawMode.active) {
+    render3DFrame();
+  } else {
+    render2DFrame();
+  }
 
   rafHandle = requestAnimationFrame(frame);
 }
 
 function applyTrack(result: TrackResult) {
   trackTexture.write(
-    new ImageData(new Uint8ClampedArray(result.data), result.width, result.height),
+    new ImageData(result.data as Uint8ClampedArray<ArrayBuffer>, result.width, result.height),
   );
+  trackTexture.generateMipmaps();
   params.writePartial({
     spawnX: result.spawn.position[0],
     spawnY: result.spawn.position[1],
@@ -505,32 +833,12 @@ function applyTrack(result: TrackResult) {
   });
 }
 
-function applyGridSize(W: number, H: number) {
-  const scale = 5 / Math.max(W, H);
-  params.writePartial(
-    Object.fromEntries(
-      Object.entries(BASE_SPATIAL_PARAMS).map(([k, v]) => [k, v * scale]),
-    ) as typeof BASE_SPATIAL_PARAMS,
-  );
-}
-
-const GRID_SIZES: Record<string, [number, number]> = {
-  S: [5, 4],
-  M: [8, 6],
-  L: [10, 9],
-  XL: [14, 12],
-};
-
-let trackSeed = (Math.random() * 100_000) | 0;
-let gridSizeKey = 'S';
-
 function startSimulation() {
   steps = 0;
   pendingEvolve = false;
-  hasChampion = false;
   displayedBestFitness = 0;
   params.writePartial({ generation: 0 });
-  ga.init();
+  ga.init(population);
 
   updateAspect();
   updatePopulation(population);
@@ -539,27 +847,43 @@ function startSimulation() {
 }
 
 function newTrack() {
-  trackSeed = (Math.random() * 100_000) | 0;
-  const [W, H] = GRID_SIZES[gridSizeKey];
-  applyGridSize(W, H);
-  applyTrack(generateGridTrack(trackSeed, W, H));
+  trackState.newTrack(getAspect());
   startSimulation();
 }
 
-applyGridSize(...GRID_SIZES[gridSizeKey]);
-applyTrack(generateGridTrack(trackSeed, ...GRID_SIZES[gridSizeKey]));
+trackState.applyCurrentGridTrack();
 startSimulation();
 
 // #region Example controls & Cleanup
 
 export const controls = defineControls({
-  'New Track': { onButtonClick: newTrack },
+  'Random Track': { onButtonClick: newTrack },
+  'Draw New Track': { onButtonClick: enterDrawMode },
+  'Confirm Track': { onButtonClick: confirmTrack },
+  'Cancel Drawing': { onButtonClick: cancelDraw },
   'Grid size': {
-    initial: 'S',
-    options: ['S', 'M', 'L', 'XL'],
+    initial: trackState.gridSizeKey,
+    options: [...GRID_SIZE_KEYS],
     onSelectChange: (value: string) => {
-      gridSizeKey = value;
-      newTrack();
+      trackState.setGridSize(value as GridSizeKey);
+      if (drawMode.active) {
+        drawMode.refreshPreview();
+      } else {
+        newTrack();
+      }
+    },
+  },
+  '3D View': {
+    initial: false,
+    onToggleChange: (value: boolean) => {
+      is3DMode = value;
+      updateFollowMode();
+      if (value && !drawMode.active) {
+        activateOrbitCamera();
+      } else {
+        cleanupOrbitCamera?.();
+        cleanupOrbitCamera = null;
+      }
     },
   },
   Pause: {
@@ -572,6 +896,7 @@ export const controls = defineControls({
     initial: false,
     onToggleChange: (value: boolean) => {
       showBestOnly = value;
+      updateFollowMode();
     },
   },
   'Steps per frame': {
@@ -623,6 +948,8 @@ export const controls = defineControls({
 
 export function onCleanup() {
   cancelAnimationFrame(rafHandle);
+  cleanupOrbitCamera?.();
+  drawMode.destroy();
   root.destroy();
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/load-car-model.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/load-car-model.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bad83cc52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/load-car-model.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { load } from '@loaders.gl/core';
+import { OBJLoader } from '@loaders.gl/obj';
+import tgpu, { d, type TgpuRoot } from 'typegpu';
+
+export const carModelVertexLayout = tgpu.vertexLayout((n: number) =>
+  d.arrayOf(d.struct({ modelPosition: d.vec3f, modelNormal: d.vec3f }), n),
+);
+
+// Pre-computed from OBJ bounds
+export const MODEL_Z_CENTER = (-0.8078 + 0.9979) / 2;
+export const MODEL_HALF_LENGTH = (0.9979 - -0.8078) / 2;
+
+export async function loadCarModel(root: TgpuRoot) {
+  const mesh = await load('/TypeGPU/assets/genetic-car/car-hatchback-blue.obj', OBJLoader);
+  const positions = mesh.attributes.POSITION.value as Float32Array;
+  const vertexCount = positions.length / 3;
+
+  const normals = new Float32Array(positions.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < vertexCount; i += 3) {
+    const i0 = i * 3,
+      i1 = (i + 1) * 3,
+      i2 = (i + 2) * 3;
+    const e1x = positions[i1] - positions[i0];
+    const e1y = positions[i1 + 1] - positions[i0 + 1];
+    const e1z = positions[i1 + 2] - positions[i0 + 2];
+    const e2x = positions[i2] - positions[i0];
+    const e2y = positions[i2 + 1] - positions[i0 + 1];
+    const e2z = positions[i2 + 2] - positions[i0 + 2];
+    const nx = e1y * e2z - e1z * e2y;
+    const ny = e1z * e2x - e1x * e2z;
+    const nz = e1x * e2y - e1y * e2x;
+    const len = Math.hypot(nx, ny, nz) || 1;
+    for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
+      normals[(i + j) * 3] = nx / len;
+      normals[(i + j) * 3 + 1] = ny / len;
+      normals[(i + j) * 3 + 2] = nz / len;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const vertices = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
+    vertices.push({
+      modelPosition: d.vec3f(positions[i * 3], positions[i * 3 + 1], positions[i * 3 + 2]),
+      modelNormal: d.vec3f(normals[i * 3], normals[i * 3 + 1], normals[i * 3 + 2]),
+    });
+  }
+
+  const vertexBuffer = root
+    .createBuffer(carModelVertexLayout.schemaForCount(vertexCount))
+    .$usage('vertex');
+  vertexBuffer.write(vertices);
+
+  return { vertexBuffer, vertexCount };
+}
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/overlay.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/overlay.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12535bf7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/overlay.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+export function createTrackOverlay(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) {
+  const el = document.createElement('canvas');
+  el.style.cssText =
+    'position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;pointer-events:none;display:none';
+  canvas.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', el);
+  if (canvas.parentElement) canvas.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';
+  const ctx = el.getContext('2d');
+  if (!ctx) {
+    throw new Error('Failed to get 2D context for track overlay');
+  }
+
+  const aspect = () => (canvas.width && canvas.height ? canvas.width / canvas.height : 1);
+  const toPixel = (x: number, y: number): [number, number] => [
+    ((x / aspect() + 1) / 2) * el.width,
+    ((1 - y) / 2) * el.height,
+  ];
+
+  return {
+    show() {
+      el.style.display = '';
+    },
+    hide() {
+      el.style.display = 'none';
+    },
+
+    destroy() {
+      el.remove();
+    },
+
+    clientToTrack(clientX: number, clientY: number): [number, number] {
+      const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
+      return [
+        (((clientX - rect.left) / rect.width) * 2 - 1) * aspect(),
+        1 - ((clientY - rect.top) / rect.height) * 2,
+      ];
+    },
+
+    findNearest(pts: Float32Array, n: number, x: number, y: number, hitPx = 15): number | null {
+      const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const w = rect.width || canvas.width,
+        h = rect.height || canvas.height;
+      const a = aspect();
+      const px = ((x / a + 1) / 2) * w,
+        py = ((1 - y) / 2) * h;
+      let best: number | null = null,
+        bestD = hitPx * hitPx;
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const d2 =
+          (((pts[i * 2] / a + 1) / 2) * w - px) ** 2 + (((1 - pts[i * 2 + 1]) / 2) * h - py) ** 2;
+        if (d2 < bestD) {
+          bestD = d2;
+          best = i;
+        }
+      }
+      return best;
+    },
+
+    render(pts: Float32Array, n: number, dragIdx: number | null) {
+      el.width = canvas.width;
+      el.height = canvas.height;
+      ctx.clearRect(0, 0, el.width, el.height);
+      if (n === 0) return;
+
+      if (n >= 2) {
+        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 210, 60, 0.75)';
+        ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
+        ctx.lineJoin = 'round';
+        ctx.setLineDash([]);
+        ctx.beginPath();
+        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+          const [x, y] = toPixel(pts[i * 2], pts[i * 2 + 1]);
+          if (i === 0) ctx.moveTo(x, y);
+          else ctx.lineTo(x, y);
+        }
+        ctx.stroke();
+
+        const [lx, ly] = toPixel(pts[(n - 1) * 2], pts[(n - 1) * 2 + 1]);
+        const [fx, fy] = toPixel(pts[0], pts[1]);
+        ctx.setLineDash([6, 6]);
+        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 210, 60, 0.35)';
+        ctx.beginPath();
+        ctx.moveTo(lx, ly);
+        ctx.lineTo(fx, fy);
+        ctx.stroke();
+        ctx.setLineDash([]);
+      }
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const [x, y] = toPixel(pts[i * 2], pts[i * 2 + 1]);
+        ctx.beginPath();
+        ctx.arc(x, y, i === 0 ? 8 : 6, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+        ctx.fillStyle =
+          i === dragIdx
+            ? 'rgba(100,180,255,1)'
+            : i === 0
+              ? 'rgba(60,255,120,1)'
+              : 'rgba(255,255,255,0.9)';
+        ctx.fill();
+        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.55)';
+        ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
+        ctx.stroke();
+      }
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/stats.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/stats.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a5b622232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/stats.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+export function createStatsDisplay(el: HTMLElement) {
+  return {
+    setDrawMode(nodeCount: number) {
+      const need = 4 - nodeCount;
+      const ready =
+        nodeCount >= 4 ? '— ready to confirm!' : `— need ${need} more node${need === 1 ? '' : 's'}`;
+      el.textContent =
+        `Draw mode  |  Click: add node  |  Drag: move node  |  RMB: remove last  |  ` +
+        `${nodeCount} node${nodeCount === 1 ? '' : 's'} ${ready}`;
+    },
+
+    setSimulation(gen: number, step: number, stepsPerGen: number, pop: number, best: number) {
+      el.textContent =
+        `Gen ${String(gen).padStart(5)}  ` +
+        `Step ${String(step).padStart(String(stepsPerGen).length)}/${stepsPerGen}  ` +
+        `Pop ${pop}  Best ${best.toFixed(2).padStart(6)}`;
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/track-state.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/track-state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfb6530f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/track-state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { generateDrawnTrack, generateGridTrack, type TrackResult } from './track.ts';
+
+export type BaseCarParams = {
+  maxSpeed: number;
+  accel: number;
+  turnRate: number;
+  drag: number;
+  sensorDistance: number;
+  carSize: number;
+};
+
+export const GRID_SIZES = {
+  S: [5, 4],
+  M: [8, 6],
+  L: [10, 9],
+  XL: [14, 12],
+} as const;
+
+export const GRID_SIZE_KEYS = Object.keys(GRID_SIZES) as GridSizeKey[];
+
+export type GridSizeKey = keyof typeof GRID_SIZES;
+
+type TrackStateOptions = {
+  baseCar: BaseCarParams;
+  applyTrack: (result: TrackResult) => void;
+  applyCarParams: (params: BaseCarParams) => void;
+  initialGridSizeKey?: GridSizeKey;
+};
+
+function scaleCarParams(baseCar: BaseCarParams, scale: number): BaseCarParams {
+  return {
+    maxSpeed: baseCar.maxSpeed * scale,
+    accel: baseCar.accel * scale,
+    turnRate: baseCar.turnRate * scale,
+    drag: baseCar.drag * scale,
+    sensorDistance: baseCar.sensorDistance * scale,
+    carSize: baseCar.carSize * scale,
+  };
+}
+
+export function createTrackState({
+  baseCar,
+  applyTrack,
+  applyCarParams,
+  initialGridSizeKey = 'S',
+}: TrackStateOptions) {
+  let trackSeed = (Math.random() * 100_000) | 0;
+  let gridSizeKey = initialGridSizeKey;
+
+  function applyGridSize(width: number, height: number) {
+    const scale = 5 / Math.max(width, height);
+    applyCarParams(scaleCarParams(baseCar, scale));
+  }
+
+  function getGridSize() {
+    return GRID_SIZES[gridSizeKey];
+  }
+
+  function buildDrawnTrack(points: Float32Array, aspect: number): TrackResult {
+    const [width, height] = getGridSize();
+    return generateDrawnTrack(points, 0.172 * (1.6 / Math.max(width, height)), aspect);
+  }
+
+  function applyCurrentGridTrack(aspect = 1) {
+    const [width, height] = getGridSize();
+    applyGridSize(width, height);
+    applyTrack(generateGridTrack(trackSeed, width, height, aspect));
+  }
+
+  function previewDrawnTrack(points: Float32Array, aspect: number) {
+    applyTrack(buildDrawnTrack(points, aspect));
+  }
+
+  function confirmDrawnTrack(points: Float32Array, aspect: number) {
+    const [width, height] = getGridSize();
+    applyGridSize(width, height);
+    applyTrack(buildDrawnTrack(points, aspect));
+  }
+
+  function newTrack(aspect = 1) {
+    trackSeed = (Math.random() * 100_000) | 0;
+    applyCurrentGridTrack(aspect);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    get gridSizeKey() {
+      return gridSizeKey;
+    },
+
+    setGridSize(nextGridSizeKey: GridSizeKey) {
+      gridSizeKey = nextGridSizeKey;
+    },
+
+    applyCurrentGridTrack,
+    previewDrawnTrack,
+    confirmDrawnTrack,
+    newTrack,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/track.ts b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/track.ts
index f569a0d2e2..937934c031 100644
--- a/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/track.ts
+++ b/apps/typegpu-docs/src/examples/algorithms/genetic-racing/track.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import { std } from 'typegpu';
-
 export type TrackResult = {
   width: number;
   height: number;
@@ -8,8 +6,6 @@ export type TrackResult = {
   trackLength: number;
 };
 
-type Pt = { x: number; y: number };
-
 function mulberry32(seed: number) {
   let t = seed >>> 0;
   return () => {
@@ -21,224 +17,242 @@ function mulberry32(seed: number) {
   };
 }
 
-function findBestSpawnIndex(pts: Pt[], windowSize: number): number {
-  const n = pts.length;
-  const curv = new Float64Array(n);
-  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    const prev = pts[(i - 1 + n) % n];
-    const curr = pts[i];
-    const next = pts[(i + 1) % n];
-
-    const t1x = curr.x - prev.x;
-    const t1y = curr.y - prev.y;
-    const t1len = Math.hypot(t1x, t1y) || 1;
-
-    const t2x = next.x - curr.x;
-    const t2y = next.y - curr.y;
-    const t2len = Math.hypot(t2x, t2y) || 1;
-
-    curv[i] = Math.abs((t1x / t1len) * (t2y / t2len) - (t1y / t1len) * (t2x / t2len));
-  }
-
-  let windowSum = 0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < windowSize; i++) windowSum += curv[i];
-
-  let minSum = windowSum;
-  let bestStart = 0;
-
-  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
-    windowSum += curv[(i + windowSize - 1) % n] - curv[i - 1];
-    if (windowSum < minSum) {
-      minSum = windowSum;
-      bestStart = i;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return (bestStart + Math.floor(windowSize / 2)) % n;
-}
-
-function catmullRomResample(points: Pt[], numSamples: number): Pt[] {
-  const n = points.length;
-  const result: Pt[] = [];
+/**
+ * Catmull-Rom spline resampling.
+ * @param points Interleaved Float32Array [x0,y0,x1,y1,…] of control points (closed loop).
+ * @returns Interleaved Float32Array of numSamples evenly-spaced points.
+ */
+function catmullRomResample(points: Float32Array, numSamples: number): Float32Array {
+  const n = points.length >> 1;
+  const result = new Float32Array(numSamples * 2);
 
   for (let s = 0; s < numSamples; s++) {
     const tTotal = s / numSamples;
     const seg = Math.floor(tTotal * n);
     const t = tTotal * n - seg;
 
-    const i0 = (seg - 1 + n) % n;
-    const i1 = seg;
-    const i2 = (seg + 1) % n;
-    const i3 = (seg + 2) % n;
-
-    const p0 = points[i0];
-    const p1 = points[i1];
-    const p2 = points[i2];
-    const p3 = points[i3];
-
-    const t2 = t * t;
-    const t3 = t2 * t;
-
-    result.push({
-      x:
-        0.5 *
-        (2 * p1.x +
-          (-p0.x + p2.x) * t +
-          (2 * p0.x - 5 * p1.x + 4 * p2.x - p3.x) * t2 +
-          (-p0.x + 3 * p1.x - 3 * p2.x + p3.x) * t3),
-      y:
-        0.5 *
-        (2 * p1.y +
-          (-p0.y + p2.y) * t +
-          (2 * p0.y - 5 * p1.y + 4 * p2.y - p3.y) * t2 +
-          (-p0.y + 3 * p1.y - 3 * p2.y + p3.y) * t3),
-    });
+    const p0 = ((seg - 1 + n) % n) * 2;
+    const p1 = seg * 2;
+    const p2 = ((seg + 1) % n) * 2;
+    const p3 = ((seg + 2) % n) * 2;
+
+    const t2 = t * t,
+      t3 = t2 * t;
+
+    result[s * 2] =
+      0.5 *
+      (2 * points[p1] +
+        (-points[p0] + points[p2]) * t +
+        (2 * points[p0] - 5 * points[p1] + 4 * points[p2] - points[p3]) * t2 +
+        (-points[p0] + 3 * points[p1] - 3 * points[p2] + points[p3]) * t3);
+
+    result[s * 2 + 1] =
+      0.5 *
+      (2 * points[p1 + 1] +
+        (-points[p0 + 1] + points[p2 + 1]) * t +
+        (2 * points[p0 + 1] - 5 * points[p1 + 1] + 4 * points[p2 + 1] - points[p3 + 1]) * t2 +
+        (-points[p0 + 1] + 3 * points[p1 + 1] - 3 * points[p2 + 1] + points[p3 + 1]) * t3);
   }
 
   return result;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Chaikin corner-cutting — smooths a closed polygon over N iterations.
+ * @param pts Interleaved Float32Array [x0,y0,x1,y1,…].
+ * @returns   Interleaved Float32Array with 2^iterations × as many points.
+ */
+function chaikinSmooth(pts: Float32Array, iterations = 2): Float32Array {
+  let cur = pts;
+  for (let it = 0; it < iterations; it++) {
+    const n = cur.length >> 1;
+    const next = new Float32Array(n * 4); // each point becomes 2 → length doubles
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      const ai = i * 2;
+      const bi = ((i + 1) % n) * 2;
+      next[i * 4] = 0.75 * cur[ai] + 0.25 * cur[bi];
+      next[i * 4 + 1] = 0.75 * cur[ai + 1] + 0.25 * cur[bi + 1];
+      next[i * 4 + 2] = 0.25 * cur[ai] + 0.75 * cur[bi];
+      next[i * 4 + 3] = 0.25 * cur[ai + 1] + 0.75 * cur[bi + 1];
+    }
+    cur = next;
+  }
+  return cur;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rasterizes a splined path into a track texture.
+ * Coordinate system: tx ∈ [-aspect, +aspect], ty ∈ [-1, +1].
+ * Uses per-segment bounding boxes for efficiency.
+ * @param path Interleaved Float32Array [x0,y0,x1,y1,…].
+ */
 function buildTrackTexture(
-  splinedPath: Pt[],
+  path: Float32Array,
   textureSize: number,
-  trackHalfWidth: number,
-  spawnIdx?: number,
+  halfWidth: number,
+  aspect: number,
 ): TrackResult {
-  const feather = trackHalfWidth * 0.4;
-
-  const segments = splinedPath.map((cell, idx) => {
-    const next = splinedPath[(idx + 1) % splinedPath.length];
-    const dx = next.x - cell.x;
-    const dy = next.y - cell.y;
-    const len = Math.hypot(dx, dy) || 1;
-    return {
-      ax: cell.x,
-      ay: cell.y,
-      ux: dx,
-      uy: dy,
-      dx: dx / len,
-      dy: dy / len,
-      len,
-      len2: dx * dx + dy * dy,
-    };
-  });
-
+  const feather = halfWidth * 0.4;
+  const extents = halfWidth + feather;
+  const sz = textureSize - 1;
   let totalLen = 0;
-  for (const segment of segments) {
-    totalLen += segment.len;
-  }
-
   const data = new Uint8ClampedArray(textureSize * textureSize * 4);
-
-  for (let y = 0; y < textureSize; y++) {
-    const ty = 1 - (y / (textureSize - 1)) * 2;
-    for (let x = 0; x < textureSize; x++) {
-      const tx = (x / (textureSize - 1)) * 2 - 1;
-
-      let minSegDist = Infinity;
-      let dir = { x: 1, y: 0 };
-      for (const segment of segments) {
-        const px = tx - segment.ax;
-        const py = ty - segment.ay;
-        const t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (px * segment.ux + py * segment.uy) / segment.len2));
-        const cx = segment.ax + segment.ux * t;
-        const cy = segment.ay + segment.uy * t;
-        const dx = tx - cx;
-        const dy = ty - cy;
-        const dist = dx * dx + dy * dy;
-        if (dist < minSegDist) {
-          minSegDist = dist;
-          dir = { x: segment.dx, y: segment.dy };
+  for (let i = 3; i < data.length; i += 4) data[i] = 255;
+
+  const numPts = path.length >> 1;
+  for (let i = 0; i < numPts; i++) {
+    const ai = i * 2;
+    const bi = ((i + 1) % numPts) * 2;
+
+    const ax = path[ai],
+      ay = path[ai + 1];
+    const bx = path[bi],
+      by = path[bi + 1];
+    const dx = bx - ax,
+      dy = by - ay;
+    const len = Math.hypot(dx, dy) || 1;
+    totalLen += len;
+    const ux = dx / len,
+      uy = dy / len,
+      len2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+
+    const minPx = Math.max(0, Math.floor((((Math.min(ax, bx) - extents) / aspect + 1) / 2) * sz));
+    const maxPx = Math.min(sz, Math.ceil((((Math.max(ax, bx) + extents) / aspect + 1) / 2) * sz));
+    const minPy = Math.max(0, Math.floor(((1 - (Math.max(ay, by) + extents)) / 2) * sz));
+    const maxPy = Math.min(sz, Math.ceil(((1 - (Math.min(ay, by) - extents)) / 2) * sz));
+
+    for (let py = minPy; py <= maxPy; py++) {
+      const ty = 1 - (py / sz) * 2;
+      for (let px = minPx; px <= maxPx; px++) {
+        const tx = ((px / sz) * 2 - 1) * aspect;
+        const t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, ((tx - ax) * dx + (ty - ay) * dy) / len2));
+        const dist = Math.hypot(tx - (ax + dx * t), ty - (ay + dy * t));
+        if (dist > extents) continue;
+        const st = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (dist - halfWidth) / feather));
+        const mask = Math.round((1 - st * st * (3 - 2 * st)) * 255);
+        const idx = (py * textureSize + px) * 4;
+        if (mask > data[idx + 2]) {
+          data[idx] = Math.round((ux * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255);
+          data[idx + 1] = Math.round((uy * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255);
+          data[idx + 2] = mask;
         }
       }
-
-      const dist = Math.sqrt(minSegDist);
-      const mask = 1 - std.smoothstep(trackHalfWidth, trackHalfWidth + feather, dist);
-
-      const idx = (y * textureSize + x) * 4;
-      data[idx] = Math.round((dir.x * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255);
-      data[idx + 1] = Math.round((dir.y * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255);
-      data[idx + 2] = Math.round(mask * 255);
-      data[idx + 3] = 255;
     }
   }
 
-  const resolvedSpawnIdx = spawnIdx ?? findBestSpawnIndex(splinedPath, 25);
-  const spawnStart = splinedPath[resolvedSpawnIdx];
-  const spawnNext = splinedPath[(resolvedSpawnIdx + 1) % splinedPath.length];
-  const spawnAngle = Math.atan2(spawnNext.y - spawnStart.y, spawnNext.x - spawnStart.x);
-
   return {
     width: textureSize,
     height: textureSize,
     data,
     spawn: {
-      position: [spawnStart.x, spawnStart.y],
-      angle: spawnAngle,
+      position: [path[0], path[1]],
+      angle: Math.atan2(path[3] - path[1], path[2] - path[0]),
     },
     trackLength: totalLen,
   };
 }
 
-function generateLoopPath(W: number, H: number, rand: () => number): number[] {
-  const minLength = Math.max(8, Math.floor(W * H * 0.4));
-  const path: number[] = [0];
-  const inPath = new Map<number, number>([[0, 0]]);
+/**
+ * Random-walk loop path over a W×H grid.
+ * @returns A Uint16Array subarray view of the valid path.
+ */
+function generateLoopPath(W: number, H: number, rand: () => number): Uint16Array {
+  const maxCells = W * H;
+  const minLength = Math.max(8, Math.floor(maxCells * 0.4));
+
+  // Pre-allocate worst-case path length (every cell visited once)
+  const pathBuf = new Uint16Array(maxCells);
+  let pathLen = 1;
+  pathBuf[0] = 0;
+
+  // Direct-address lookup: inPath[cell] = index in pathBuf, or -1 if absent
+  const inPath = new Int32Array(maxCells).fill(-1);
+  inPath[0] = 0;
+
+  const neighbourBuf = new Uint16Array(4);
 
   for (let attempts = 0; attempts < 2_000_000; attempts++) {
-    const current = path[path.length - 1];
-    const x = current % W,
-      y = Math.floor(current / W);
+    const current = pathBuf[pathLen - 1];
+    const x = current % W;
+    const y = (current / W) | 0;
 
-    const neighbors: number[] = [];
-    if (x > 0) neighbors.push(current - 1);
-    if (x < W - 1) neighbors.push(current + 1);
-    if (y > 0) neighbors.push(current - W);
-    if (y < H - 1) neighbors.push(current + W);
+    let nc = 0;
+    if (x > 0) neighbourBuf[nc++] = current - 1;
+    if (x < W - 1) neighbourBuf[nc++] = current + 1;
+    if (y > 0) neighbourBuf[nc++] = current - W;
+    if (y < H - 1) neighbourBuf[nc++] = current + W;
 
-    const next = neighbors[Math.floor(rand() * neighbors.length)];
+    const next = neighbourBuf[(rand() * nc) | 0];
 
-    if (next === 0 && path.length >= minLength) {
-      return path; // closed loop found
+    if (next === 0 && pathLen >= minLength) {
+      return pathBuf.subarray(0, pathLen);
     }
 
-    const existingIdx = inPath.get(next);
-    if (existingIdx !== undefined) {
-      // Erase the loop back to where 'next' was first visited
-      for (let i = existingIdx + 1; i < path.length; i++) {
-        inPath.delete(path[i]);
-      }
-      path.length = existingIdx + 1;
+    const existingIdx = inPath[next];
+    if (existingIdx !== -1) {
+      // Erase the loop: remove all cells after existingIdx from the index
+      for (let i = existingIdx + 1; i < pathLen; i++) inPath[pathBuf[i]] = -1;
+      pathLen = existingIdx + 1;
     } else {
-      inPath.set(next, path.length);
-      path.push(next);
+      inPath[next] = pathLen;
+      pathBuf[pathLen++] = next;
     }
   }
 
-  const perimeter: number[] = [];
-  for (let x = 0; x < W; x++) perimeter.push(x);
-  for (let y = 1; y < H; y++) perimeter.push(y * W + W - 1);
-  for (let x = W - 2; x >= 0; x--) perimeter.push((H - 1) * W + x);
-  for (let y = H - 2; y > 0; y--) perimeter.push(y * W);
-  return perimeter;
+  // Fallback: clockwise perimeter
+  const perim: number[] = [];
+  for (let px = 0; px < W; px++) perim.push(px);
+  for (let py = 1; py < H; py++) perim.push(py * W + W - 1);
+  for (let px = W - 2; px >= 0; px--) perim.push((H - 1) * W + px);
+  for (let py = H - 2; py > 0; py--) perim.push(py * W);
+  return new Uint16Array(perim);
 }
 
-export function generateGridTrack(seed: number, W = 5, H = 4, textureSize = 512): TrackResult {
+export function generateGridTrack(
+  seed: number,
+  W = 5,
+  H = 4,
+  aspect = 1,
+  textureSize = 512,
+): TrackResult {
   const rand = mulberry32(seed);
   const cellPath = generateLoopPath(W, H, rand);
+  const n = cellPath.length;
 
-  const controlPoints = cellPath.map((cell) => {
+  // Build interleaved Float32Array of control points directly
+  const controlPoints = new Float32Array(n * 2);
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const cell = cellPath[i];
     const col = cell % W,
-      row = Math.floor(cell / W);
-    const cx = -0.8 + ((col + 0.5) * 1.6) / W;
+      row = (cell / W) | 0;
+    const cx = (-0.8 + ((col + 0.5) * 1.6) / W) * aspect;
     const cy = 0.8 - ((row + 0.5) * 1.6) / H;
-    const jx = (rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.06 * (1.6 / W);
-    const jy = (rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.06 * (1.6 / H);
-    return { x: cx + jx, y: cy + jy };
-  });
+    controlPoints[i * 2] = cx + (rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.06 * (1.6 / W) * aspect;
+    controlPoints[i * 2 + 1] = cy + (rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.06 * (1.6 / H);
+  }
 
   const trackHalfWidth = 0.172 * (1.6 / Math.max(W, H));
-  const numSamples = Math.max(120, cellPath.length * 6);
-  const splinedPath = catmullRomResample(controlPoints, numSamples);
-  return buildTrackTexture(splinedPath, textureSize, trackHalfWidth);
+  const numSamples = Math.max(120, n * 6);
+  return buildTrackTexture(
+    catmullRomResample(controlPoints, numSamples),
+    textureSize,
+    trackHalfWidth,
+    aspect,
+  );
+}
+
+export function generateDrawnTrack(
+  pts: Float32Array,
+  halfWidth: number,
+  aspect: number,
+  textureSize = 512,
+): TrackResult {
+  const n = pts.length >> 1;
+  const numSamples = Math.max(120, n * 6);
+  return buildTrackTexture(
+    catmullRomResample(chaikinSmooth(pts), numSamples),
+    textureSize,
+    halfWidth,
+    aspect,
+  );
 }