TanStack · KyleAMathews · Jun 5, 2026 · Jun 5, 2026 · Jun 5, 2026 · Jun 5, 2026
diff --git a/.changeset/node-default-applied-tx-pruning.md b/.changeset/node-default-applied-tx-pruning.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/browser-db-sqlite-persistence': minor
+'@tanstack/capacitor-db-sqlite-persistence': minor
+'@tanstack/cloudflare-durable-objects-db-sqlite-persistence': minor
+'@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core': minor
+'@tanstack/expo-db-sqlite-persistence': minor
+'@tanstack/node-db-sqlite-persistence': minor
+'@tanstack/react-native-db-sqlite-persistence': minor
+'@tanstack/tauri-db-sqlite-persistence': minor
+---
+
+SQLite persistence wrappers now prune the `applied_tx` replay log by default so SQLite files no longer grow without bound. When prune options are omitted, wrappers that construct the shared SQLite core adapter apply `appliedTxPruneMaxRows: 1_000` and `appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: 86_400` (24h). Both remain overridable, and passing `0` disables that limit. The defaults are exported as `DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS` and `DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS` from the shared SQLite core package and re-exported by wrapper packages.
+
+The shared SQLite core adapter now treats `applied_tx` as a bounded replay cache during `pullSince` recovery. If a recovery request starts before the retained replay window, `pullSince` returns `requiresFullReload: true` instead of returning partial deltas.
diff --git a/packages/browser-db-sqlite-persistence/src/browser-persistence.ts b/packages/browser-db-sqlite-persistence/src/browser-persistence.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
   SingleProcessCoordinator,
   createSQLiteCorePersistenceAdapter,
 } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
@@ -78,8 +80,11 @@ function resolveAdapterBaseOptions(
   `driver` | `schemaVersion` | `schemaMismatchPolicy`
 > {
   return {
-    appliedTxPruneMaxRows: options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows,
-    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxRows:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows ?? DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds ??
+      DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
     pullSinceReloadThreshold: options.pullSinceReloadThreshold,
   }
 }

diff --git a/packages/browser-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts b/packages/browser-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ export type {
 } from './browser-persistence'
 export type { OpenBrowserWASQLiteOPFSDatabaseOptions } from './opfs-database'
 export type { BrowserCollectionCoordinatorOptions } from './browser-coordinator'
-export { persistedCollectionOptions } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
+export {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+  persistedCollectionOptions,
+} from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
 export type {
   PersistedCollectionCoordinator,
   PersistedCollectionPersistence,

diff --git a/packages/capacitor-db-sqlite-persistence/src/capacitor-persistence.ts b/packages/capacitor-db-sqlite-persistence/src/capacitor-persistence.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
   SingleProcessCoordinator,
   createSQLiteCorePersistenceAdapter,
 } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
@@ -81,8 +83,11 @@ function resolveAdapterBaseOptions(
   `driver` | `schemaVersion` | `schemaMismatchPolicy`
 > {
   return {
-    appliedTxPruneMaxRows: options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows,
-    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxRows:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows ?? DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds ??
+      DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
     pullSinceReloadThreshold: options.pullSinceReloadThreshold,
   }
 }

diff --git a/packages/capacitor-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts b/packages/capacitor-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ export type {
   CapacitorSQLiteSchemaMismatchPolicy,
   SQLiteDBConnection,
 } from './capacitor'
-export { persistedCollectionOptions } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
+export {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+  persistedCollectionOptions,
+} from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
 export type {
   PersistedCollectionCoordinator,
   PersistedCollectionPersistence,

diff --git a/packages/cloudflare-durable-objects-db-sqlite-persistence/src/do-persistence.ts b/packages/cloudflare-durable-objects-db-sqlite-persistence/src/do-persistence.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
   SingleProcessCoordinator,
   createSQLiteCorePersistenceAdapter,
 } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
@@ -79,8 +81,11 @@ function resolveAdapterBaseOptions(
   `driver` | `schemaVersion` | `schemaMismatchPolicy`
 > {
   return {
-    appliedTxPruneMaxRows: options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows,
-    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxRows:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows ?? DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds ??
+      DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
     pullSinceReloadThreshold: options.pullSinceReloadThreshold,
   }
 }

diff --git a/packages/cloudflare-durable-objects-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts b/packages/cloudflare-durable-objects-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ export type {
   CloudflareDOSQLitePersistenceOptions,
   DurableObjectStorageLike,
 } from './do-persistence'
-export { persistedCollectionOptions } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
+export {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+  persistedCollectionOptions,
+} from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
 export type {
   PersistedCollectionCoordinator,
   PersistedCollectionPersistence,

diff --git a/packages/db-sqlite-persistence-core/src/sqlite-core-adapter.ts b/packages/db-sqlite-persistence-core/src/sqlite-core-adapter.ts
@@ -73,6 +73,21 @@ export type SQLitePullSinceResult<TKey extends string | number> =
 
 const DEFAULT_SCHEMA_VERSION = 1
 const DEFAULT_PULL_SINCE_RELOAD_THRESHOLD = 128
+
+/**
+ * Default cap on retained `applied_tx` rows per collection. The log is a
+ * replayable cache, so a bounded row count keeps SQLite files from growing
+ * without limit. Pass `appliedTxPruneMaxRows: 0` to disable the row cap.
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS = 1_000
+
+/**
+ * Default age backstop for retained `applied_tx` rows, in seconds (24h). Rows
+ * older than this are pruned on the next write. Pass
+ * `appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: 0` to disable the age backstop.
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS = 24 * 60 * 60
+
 const SQLITE_MAX_IN_BATCH_SIZE = 900
 const SAFE_IDENTIFIER_PATTERN = /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/
 const FORBIDDEN_SQL_FRAGMENT_PATTERN = /(;|--|\/\*)/
@@ -1540,42 +1555,64 @@ export class SQLiteCorePersistenceAdapter implements PersistenceAdapter {
     const collectionTableSql = quoteIdentifier(tableMapping.tableName)
     const tombstoneTableSql = quoteIdentifier(tableMapping.tombstoneTableName)
 
-    const [changedRows, deletedRows, latestVersionRows, replayRows] =
-      await Promise.all([
-        this.driver.query<{ key: string }>(
-          `SELECT key
+    const [
+      changedRows,
+      deletedRows,
+      latestVersionRows,
+      replayRows,
+      replayAvailabilityRows,
+    ] = await Promise.all([
+      this.driver.query<{ key: string }>(
+        `SELECT key
          FROM ${collectionTableSql}
          WHERE row_version > ?`,
-          [fromRowVersion],
-        ),
-        this.driver.query<{ key: string }>(
-          `SELECT key
+        [fromRowVersion],
+      ),
+      this.driver.query<{ key: string }>(
+        `SELECT key
          FROM ${tombstoneTableSql}
          WHERE row_version > ?`,
-          [fromRowVersion],
-        ),
-        this.driver.query<{ latest_row_version: number }>(
-          `SELECT latest_row_version
+        [fromRowVersion],
+      ),
+      this.driver.query<{ latest_row_version: number }>(
+        `SELECT latest_row_version
          FROM collection_version
          WHERE collection_id = ?
          LIMIT 1`,
-          [collectionId],
-        ),
-        this.driver.query<{
-          tx_id: string
-          row_version: number
-          replay_json: string | null
-          replay_requires_full_reload: number
-        }>(
-          `SELECT tx_id, row_version, replay_json, replay_requires_full_reload
+        [collectionId],
+      ),
+      this.driver.query<{
+        tx_id: string
+        row_version: number
+        replay_json: string | null
+        replay_requires_full_reload: number
+      }>(
+        `SELECT tx_id, row_version, replay_json, replay_requires_full_reload
          FROM applied_tx
          WHERE collection_id = ? AND row_version > ?
          ORDER BY term ASC, seq ASC`,
-          [collectionId, fromRowVersion],
-        ),
-      ])
+        [collectionId, fromRowVersion],
+      ),
+      this.driver.query<{ min_row_version: number | null }>(
+        `SELECT MIN(row_version) AS min_row_version
+         FROM applied_tx
+         WHERE collection_id = ?`,
+        [collectionId],
+      ),
+    ])
 
     const latestRowVersion = latestVersionRows[0]?.latest_row_version ?? 0
+    const replayFloor = replayAvailabilityRows[0]?.min_row_version
+    if (
+      latestRowVersion > fromRowVersion &&
+      (replayFloor == null || replayFloor > fromRowVersion + 1)
+    ) {
+      return {
+        latestRowVersion,
+        requiresFullReload: true,
+      }
+    }
+
     const changedKeyCount = changedRows.length + deletedRows.length
 
     if (changedKeyCount > this.pullSinceReloadThreshold) {

diff --git a/packages/expo-db-sqlite-persistence/src/expo.ts b/packages/expo-db-sqlite-persistence/src/expo.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
   SingleProcessCoordinator,
   createSQLiteCorePersistenceAdapter,
 } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
@@ -77,8 +79,11 @@ function resolveAdapterBaseOptions(
   `driver` | `schemaVersion` | `schemaMismatchPolicy`
 > {
   return {
-    appliedTxPruneMaxRows: options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows,
-    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxRows:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows ?? DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds ??
+      DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
     pullSinceReloadThreshold: options.pullSinceReloadThreshold,
   }
 }

diff --git a/packages/expo-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts b/packages/expo-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ export type {
   ExpoSQLitePersistenceOptions,
   ExpoSQLiteSchemaMismatchPolicy,
 } from './expo'
-export { persistedCollectionOptions } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
+export {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+  persistedCollectionOptions,
+} from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
 export type {
   PersistedCollectionCoordinator,
   PersistedCollectionPersistence,

diff --git a/packages/node-db-sqlite-persistence/README.md b/packages/node-db-sqlite-persistence/README.md
@@ -47,3 +47,32 @@ export const todosCollection = createCollection(
   mode-specific behavior (`sync-present` vs `sync-absent`) automatically.
 - `schemaVersion` is specified per collection via `persistedCollectionOptions`.
 - Call `database.close()` when your app shuts down.
+
+## Applied transaction pruning
+
+The `applied_tx` log is a replayable cache, so it is pruned by default to keep
+the SQLite file from growing without bound. When you don't pass prune options,
+the node driver applies:
+
+- `appliedTxPruneMaxRows: 1_000` (per-collection row cap)
+- `appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: 86_400` (24h age backstop)
+
+Pruning runs inside each write transaction, so every collection self-trims on
+its next sync. If a process asks to recover from a point older than the retained
+replay window, recovery falls back to a full reload. Override either value to
+tune retention, or pass `0` to disable that limit:
+
+```ts
+const persistence = createNodeSQLitePersistence({
+  database,
+  appliedTxPruneMaxRows: 5_000, // higher row cap
+  appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: 0, // disable the age backstop
+})
+```
+
+Pruning removes rows from `applied_tx`, but SQLite may not immediately shrink
+the database file on disk. Use `VACUUM`, `auto_vacuum`, or your own maintenance
+process if you need to reclaim disk space.
+
+The defaults are exported as `DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS` and
+`DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS`.
diff --git a/packages/node-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts b/packages/node-db-sqlite-persistence/src/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-export { createNodeSQLitePersistence } from './node-persistence'
+export {
+  createNodeSQLitePersistence,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+} from './node-persistence'
 export type {
   BetterSqlite3Database,
   NodeSQLitePersistenceOptions,

diff --git a/packages/node-db-sqlite-persistence/src/node-persistence.ts b/packages/node-db-sqlite-persistence/src/node-persistence.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import {
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS as CORE_DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
+  DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS as CORE_DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
   SingleProcessCoordinator,
   createSQLiteCorePersistenceAdapter,
 } from '@tanstack/db-sqlite-persistence-core'
@@ -35,6 +37,22 @@ type NodeSQLitePersistenceBaseOptions = Omit<
 
 export type NodeSQLitePersistenceOptions = NodeSQLitePersistenceBaseOptions
 
+/**
+ * Default cap on retained `applied_tx` rows per collection. The log is a
+ * replayable cache, so a bounded row count keeps SQLite files from growing
+ * without limit. Pass `appliedTxPruneMaxRows: 0` to disable the row cap.
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS =
+  CORE_DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS
+
+/**
+ * Default age backstop for retained `applied_tx` rows, in seconds (24h). Rows
+ * older than this are pruned on the next write. Pass
+ * `appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: 0` to disable the age backstop.
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS =
+  CORE_DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS
+
 function normalizeSchemaMismatchPolicy(
   policy: NodeSQLiteSchemaMismatchPolicy,
 ): NodeSQLiteCoreSchemaMismatchPolicy {
@@ -81,8 +99,11 @@ function resolveAdapterBaseOptions(
   `driver` | `schemaVersion` | `schemaMismatchPolicy`
 > {
   return {
-    appliedTxPruneMaxRows: options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows,
-    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds: options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxRows:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxRows ?? CORE_DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_ROWS,
+    appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds:
+      options.appliedTxPruneMaxAgeSeconds ??
+      CORE_DEFAULT_APPLIED_TX_PRUNE_MAX_AGE_SECONDS,
     pullSinceReloadThreshold: options.pullSinceReloadThreshold,
   }
 }