GH-32609: [CI] Add type checking infrastructure and CI workflow for type annotations

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@ repos:
           ?^ci/scripts/python_sdist_build\.sh$|
           ?^ci/scripts/python_sdist_test\.sh$|
           ?^ci/scripts/python_wheel_unix_test\.sh$|
+          ?^ci/scripts/python_test_type_annotations\.sh$|
           ?^ci/scripts/r_build\.sh$|
           ?^ci/scripts/r_revdepcheck\.sh$|
           ?^ci/scripts/release_test\.sh$|
@@ -379,6 +380,7 @@ repos:
         # TODO: Remove this when we fix all lint failures
         files: >-
           (
+          ?^ci/scripts/python_test_type_annotations\.sh$|
           ?^dev/release/05-binary-upload\.sh$|
           ?^dev/release/binary-recover\.sh$|
           ?^dev/release/post-03-binary\.sh$|

ci/scripts/python_test_type_annotations.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+set -ex
+pyarrow_dir=${1}
+
+if [ "${PYARROW_TEST_ANNOTATIONS}" == "ON" ]; then
+  if [ -n "${ARROW_PYTHON_VENV:-}" ]; then
+    # shellcheck source=/dev/null
+    . "${ARROW_PYTHON_VENV}/bin/activate"
+  fi
+
+  # Install library stubs. Note some libraries contain their own type hints so they need to be installed.
+  pip install fsspec pandas-stubs scipy-stubs types-cffi types-psutil types-requests types-python-dateutil
+
+  # Install type checkers
+  pip install mypy pyright ty
+
+  # Run type checkers
+  pushd "${pyarrow_dir}"
+  mypy
+  pyright
+  ty check
+  popd
+else
+  echo "Skipping type annotation tests"
+fi

ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh

@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@ export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${build_dir}/install
 export SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION=${PYARROW_VERSION}
 
 pushd ${source_dir}/python
+# Install libcst for build-time stub docstring extraction
+python -m pip install libcst
 python setup.py bdist_wheel
 popd
 

ci/scripts/python_wheel_validate_contents.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def validate_wheel(path):
     ]
     assert not outliers, f"Unexpected contents in wheel: {sorted(outliers)}"
     print(f"The wheel: {wheels[0]} seems valid.")
-
+    # TODO(GH-32609): Validate some docstrings were generated and added.
 
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

ci/scripts/python_wheel_windows_build.bat

@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ set CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=C:\arrow-dist
 
 pushd C:\arrow\python
 
+@REM Install libcst for build-time stub docstring extraction
+%PYTHON_CMD% -m pip install libcst
+
 @REM Build wheel
 %PYTHON_CMD% setup.py bdist_wheel || exit /B 1
 

ci/scripts/python_wheel_xlinux_build.sh

@@ -167,6 +167,8 @@ export ARROW_HOME=/tmp/arrow-dist
 export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/tmp/arrow-dist
 
 pushd /arrow/python
+# Install libcst for build-time stub docstring extraction
+python -m pip install libcst
 python setup.py bdist_wheel
 
 echo "=== Strip symbols from wheel ==="

compose.yaml

@@ -1531,13 +1531,15 @@ services:
       BUILD_DOCS_CPP: "ON"
       BUILD_DOCS_PYTHON: "ON"
       PYTEST_ARGS: "--doctest-modules --doctest-cython"
+      PYARROW_TEST_ANNOTATIONS: "ON"
     volumes: *conda-volumes
     command:
       ["/arrow/ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh /arrow /build &&
         /arrow/ci/scripts/python_build.sh /arrow /build &&
         pip install -e /arrow/dev/archery[numpydoc] &&
         archery numpydoc --allow-rule GL10,PR01,PR03,PR04,PR05,PR10,RT03,YD01 &&
-        /arrow/ci/scripts/python_test.sh /arrow"]
+        /arrow/ci/scripts/python_test.sh /arrow &&
+        /arrow/ci/scripts/python_test_type_annotations.sh /arrow/python"]
 
   conda-python-dask:
     # Possible $DASK parameters:

dev/update_stub_docstrings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+"""
+Extract docstrings from pyarrow runtime and insert them into stub files.
+
+Usage (from python/ directory with pyarrow built):
+    python ../dev/update_stub_docstrings.py pyarrow-stubs
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import importlib
+import inspect
+import shutil
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from textwrap import indent
+
+import libcst
+from libcst import matchers as m
+
+
+def _resolve_object(module, path):
+    """Resolve an object by dotted path from a module."""
+    if not path:
+        return module, None, module.__name__
+
+    parts = path.split(".")
+    parent = None
+    obj = module
+
+    for part in parts:
+        parent = obj
+        try:
+            obj = getattr(obj, part)
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:
+                obj = vars(parent).get(part)
+                if obj is not None:
+                    continue
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            return None, None, None
+
+    return obj, parent, getattr(obj, "__name__", parts[-1])
+
+
+def _get_docstring(name, module, indentation):
+    """Extract and format a docstring for insertion into a stub file."""
+    obj, parent, obj_name = _resolve_object(module, name)
+    if obj is None:
+        print(f"{name} not found in {module.__name__}")
+        return None
+
+    docstring = inspect.getdoc(obj)
+    if not docstring:
+        return None
+
+    # Remove signature prefix
+    parent_name = getattr(parent, "__name__", None) if parent else None
+    if docstring.startswith(obj_name) or (
+        parent_name and docstring.startswith(f"{parent_name}.{obj_name}")
+    ):
+        docstring = "\n".join(docstring.splitlines()[2:])
+
+    # Skip empty docstrings
+    if not docstring.strip():
+        return None
+
+    prefix = "    " * indentation
+    return '"""\n' + indent(docstring + '\n"""', prefix)
+
+
+class DocstringInserter(libcst.CSTTransformer):
+    """CST transformer that inserts docstrings into stub file nodes."""
+
+    def __init__(self, module, namespace):
+        self.module = module
+        self.base_namespace = namespace
+        self.stack = []
+        self.indentation = 0
+
+    def _full_name(self):
+        name = ".".join(self.stack)
+        return f"{self.base_namespace}.{name}" if self.base_namespace else name
+
+    def leave_Module(self, original_node, updated_node):
+        new_body = []
+        clone_matcher = m.SimpleStatementLine(
+            body=[m.Assign(value=m.Call(func=m.Name(value="_clone_signature"))),
+                  m.ZeroOrMore()]
+        )
+        for stmt in updated_node.body:
+            new_body.append(stmt)
+            if m.matches(stmt, clone_matcher):
+                name = stmt.body[0].targets[0].target.value
+                if self.base_namespace:
+                    name = f"{self.base_namespace}.{name}"
+                docstring = _get_docstring(name, self.module, 0)
+                if docstring:
+                    new_body.append(libcst.SimpleStatementLine(
+                        body=[libcst.Expr(value=libcst.SimpleString(docstring))]))
+        return updated_node.with_changes(body=new_body)
+
+    def visit_ClassDef(self, node):
+        self.stack.append(node.name.value)
+        self.indentation += 1
+
+    def leave_ClassDef(self, original_node, updated_node):
+        name = self._full_name()
+        docstring = _get_docstring(name, self.module, self.indentation)
+
+        if docstring:
+            ellipsis_class = m.ClassDef(body=m.IndentedBlock(body=[
+                m.SimpleStatementLine(body=[
+                    m.Expr(m.Ellipsis()), m.ZeroOrMore()]), m.ZeroOrMore()]))
+            func_class = m.ClassDef(body=m.IndentedBlock(
+                body=[m.FunctionDef(), m.ZeroOrMore()]))
+
+            if m.matches(updated_node, ellipsis_class):
+                updated_node = updated_node.deep_replace(
+                    updated_node.body.body[0].body[0].value,
+                    libcst.SimpleString(value=docstring))
+            elif m.matches(updated_node, func_class):
+                docstring_stmt = libcst.SimpleStatementLine(
+                    body=[libcst.Expr(value=libcst.SimpleString(value=docstring))])
+                updated_node = updated_node.with_changes(
+                    body=updated_node.body.with_changes(
+                        body=[docstring_stmt] + list(updated_node.body.body)))
+
+        self.stack.pop()
+        self.indentation -= 1
+        return updated_node
+
+    def visit_FunctionDef(self, node):
+        self.stack.append(node.name.value)
+        self.indentation += 1
+
+    def leave_FunctionDef(self, original_node, updated_node):
+        name = self._full_name()
+        ellipsis_func = m.FunctionDef(
+            body=m.SimpleStatementSuite(body=[m.Expr(m.Ellipsis())]))
+
+        if m.matches(original_node, ellipsis_func):
+            docstring = _get_docstring(name, self.module, self.indentation)
+            if docstring:
+                docstring_stmt = libcst.SimpleStatementLine(
+                    body=[libcst.Expr(value=libcst.SimpleString(value=docstring))])
+                updated_node = updated_node.with_changes(
+                    body=libcst.IndentedBlock(body=[docstring_stmt]))
+
+        self.stack.pop()
+        self.indentation -= 1
+        return updated_node
+
+
+LIB_MODULES = {"array", "builder", "compat", "config", "device", "error", "io",
+               "_ipc", "memory", "pandas_shim", "scalar", "table", "tensor", "_types"}
+
+
+def add_docstrings_to_stubs(stubs_dir):
+    """Update all stub files in stubs_dir with docstrings from pyarrow runtime."""
+    stubs_dir = Path(stubs_dir)
+    print(f"Updating stub docstrings in: {stubs_dir}")
+
+    pyarrow = importlib.import_module("pyarrow")
+
+    for stub_file in stubs_dir.rglob('*.pyi'):
+        if stub_file.name == "_stubs_typing.pyi":
+            continue
+
+        module_name = stub_file.stem
+        if module_name in LIB_MODULES:
+            namespace = "lib"
+        elif stub_file.parent.name in ("parquet", "interchange"):
+            namespace = f"{stub_file.parent.name}.{module_name}"
+        elif module_name == "__init__":
+            namespace = ""
+        else:
+            namespace = module_name
+
+        print(f"  {stub_file.name} -> {namespace or '(root)'}")
+        tree = libcst.parse_module(stub_file.read_text())
+        modified = tree.visit(DocstringInserter(pyarrow, namespace))
+        stub_file.write_text(modified.code)
+
+
+def copy_stubs(src_dir, dest_dir):
+    """Copy .pyi files from src_dir to dest_dir."""
+    src_dir, dest_dir = Path(src_dir), Path(dest_dir)
+    if not src_dir.exists():
+        return
+
+    print(f"Copying stubs: {src_dir} -> {dest_dir}")
+    for src in src_dir.rglob('*.pyi'):
+        dest = dest_dir / src.relative_to(src_dir)
+        dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copy2(src, dest)
+
+
+def update_stubs_for_build(stubs_dir, build_lib):
+    """Entry point for setup.py: update docstrings and copy stubs to build dir."""
+    stubs_dir, build_lib = Path(stubs_dir), Path(build_lib)
+
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(build_lib))
+    try:
+        add_docstrings_to_stubs(stubs_dir)
+        copy_stubs(stubs_dir / "pyarrow", build_lib / "pyarrow")
+    finally:
+        sys.path.pop(0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("stubs_dir", type=Path, help="Path to pyarrow-stubs folder")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    sys.path.insert(0, ".")
+    add_docstrings_to_stubs(args.stubs_dir.resolve())