HADOOP-19387. Recover LocalDirAllocator after failed initialization

[arhxam]

Description of PR

Fixes HADOOP-19387.

LocalDirAllocator currently records a directory configuration as initialized even when every configured directory fails initialization. An interruption can therefore leave an empty directory context cached indefinitely: later calls see the unchanged configuration and never retry.

This patch records savedLocalDirs only after at least one directory is successfully initialized. A subsequent call can then retry a transiently failed initialization. The regression test uses a one-shot DiskValidator failure to exercise the same empty-context path deterministically, without relying on process timing.

This supersedes the stale, closed attempt in #7298 and updates the regression coverage to the current JUnit 5 test suite.

How was this patch tested?

On macOS with OpenJDK 17.0.20 and Maven Wrapper 3.9.15:

./mvnw -pl hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common -am -DskipShade \
  -Dtest=TestLocalDirAllocator \
  -Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false test

Tests run: 49, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
BUILD SUCCESS

Before the production change, the new test fails on the second allocation with DiskErrorException, confirming the regression.

For code changes:

• Does the title of this PR start with the corresponding JIRA issue id?
• Object storage: N/A
• If adding new dependencies: no new dependencies
• If applicable, have you updated the LICENSE, LICENSE-binary, NOTICE-binary files? N/A

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[hadoop-yetus]

🎊 +1 overall

Vote	Subsystem	Runtime	Logfile	Comment
+0 🆗	reexec	0m 21s		Docker mode activated.
			_ Prechecks _
+1 💚	dupname	0m 0s		No case conflicting files found.
+0 🆗	codespell	0m 0s		codespell was not available.
+0 🆗	detsecrets	0m 0s		detect-secrets was not available.
+1 💚	@author	0m 0s		The patch does not contain any @author tags.
+1 💚	test4tests	0m 0s		The patch appears to include 1 new or modified test files.
			_ trunk Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	26m 37s		trunk passed
+1 💚	compile	8m 55s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	compile	8m 51s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	checkstyle	0m 58s		trunk passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	1m 11s		trunk passed
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 57s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 54s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	spotbugs	1m 44s		trunk passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	17m 8s		branch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Patch Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	0m 42s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	8m 23s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javac	8m 23s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	8m 49s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javac	8m 49s		the patch passed
+1 💚	blanks	0m 0s		The patch has no blanks issues.
+1 💚	checkstyle	0m 50s		the patch passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	1m 10s		the patch passed
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 53s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 54s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	spotbugs	1m 53s		the patch passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	17m 1s		patch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Other Tests _
+1 💚	unit	18m 40s		hadoop-common in the patch passed.
+1 💚	asflicense	0m 42s		The patch does not generate ASF License warnings.
		128m 59s

Subsystem	Report/Notes
Docker	ClientAPI=1.55 ServerAPI=1.55 base: https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8660/1/artifact/out/Dockerfile
GITHUB PR	#8660
Optional Tests	dupname asflicense compile javac javadoc mvninstall mvnsite unit shadedclient spotbugs checkstyle codespell detsecrets
uname	Linux 8d3b6edb8db0 5.15.0-181-generic #191-Ubuntu SMP Fri May 22 19:09:02 UTC 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Build tool	maven
Personality	dev-support/bin/hadoop.sh
git revision	trunk / b9158dc
Default Java	Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
Multi-JDK versions	/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64:Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64:Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
Test Results	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8660/1/testReport/
Max. process+thread count	1313 (vs. ulimit of 10000)
modules	C: hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common U: hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common
Console output	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8660/1/console
versions	git=2.43.0 maven=3.9.15 spotbugs=4.9.7
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