BE-522: HashQL: Expand stdlib type system with temporal types

[indietyp]

🌟 What is the purpose of this PR?

This PR expands the HashQL standard library's temporal type system and refactors how standard library types are defined and exposed. The QueryTemporalAxes type, previously a stub in the graph module, is replaced with a fully-specified temporal module containing a rich set of temporal bound and interval types (Timestamp, TemporalBound, Interval, LeftClosedTemporalInterval, RightBoundedTemporalInterval, PinnedTransactionTimeTemporalAxes, PinnedDecisionTimeTemporalAxes, QueryTemporalAxes, etc.). Entity types in the knowledge graph are updated to use real temporal metadata (using LeftClosedTemporalInterval) instead of opaque Unknown wrappers.

Alongside this, type construction logic is extracted into public types submodules for each standard library module, enabling external consumers to construct monomorphized type instances without going through the full module registration machinery. Several modules are made pub to support this. The ScratchPool allocator is introduced for multi-threaded bump allocation, and FromIn<&str, A> for Rc<str, A> is implemented. The RuntimeRepr symbol representation is refactored to use extern "C" unsized types and raw pointer field access to avoid provenance issues.

🔗 Related links

• https://linear.app/hash/issue/H-4736/hashql-make-time-axis-constructible
• https://linear.app/hash/issue/H-4735/hashql-convert-rust-types-into-hashql-types

🔍 What does this change?

• Introduces graph::temporal as a new standard library module with a full set of temporal types: Timestamp, DecisionTime, TransactionTime, UnboundedTemporalBound, InclusiveTemporalBound, ExclusiveTemporalBound, TemporalBound, FiniteTemporalBound, OpenTemporalBound, Interval, LeftClosedTemporalInterval, RightBoundedTemporalInterval, PinnedTransactionTimeTemporalAxes, PinnedDecisionTimeTemporalAxes, and QueryTemporalAxes.
• Removes the stub QueryTemporalAxes (previously an empty opaque struct) from graph::Graph and moves it to the new temporal module.
• Updates entity knowledge types to depend on graph::temporal::Temporal and use LeftClosedTemporalInterval for TemporalMetadata instead of an opaque Unknown wrapper.
• Extracts type construction into public types submodules for core::option, core::url, core::uuid, graph::temporal, graph::types::ontology, graph::types::principal::actor_group, graph::types::principal::actor_group::web, and graph::types::knowledge::entity, each accepting optional dependency structs for injection.
• Makes std_lib, std_lib::core, std_lib::graph, graph::types, graph::types::knowledge, graph::types::ontology, graph::types::principal, graph::types::principal::actor_group, graph::types::principal::actor_group::web, graph::temporal, module::std_lib, and module::std_lib::core::option/url/uuid public.
• Adds ScratchPool and ScratchPoolGuard to the heap module, providing a Sync-capable pool of bump allocators backed by bump_scope::BumpPool.
• Implements FromIn<&str, A> for Rc<str, A> with tests covering unicode, empty strings, and clone sharing.
• Refactors RuntimeRepr to use an extern "C" unsized Unsize type and raw pointer field access (&raw const/mut) to avoid provenance narrowing issues, replacing str_from_raw_parts with str::from_utf8_unchecked and get_mut_unchecked/extern_types nightly features.
• Migrates string literals used as symbol names and type paths to sym:: constants throughout, eliminating most heap.intern_symbol("...") calls.
• Adds many new entries to the sym symbol table, including type names, field names, and fully-qualified path symbols for all new and existing types.

🛡 What tests cover this?

• New unit tests for FromIn<&str, A> for Rc<str, A>: basic conversion, unicode, empty string, and clone pointer equality.
• Existing standard library module integration tests cover the updated type definitions.

❓ How to test this?

1. Run cargo test -p hashql-core and confirm all tests pass.
2. Verify that the temporal module types are accessible and correctly structured via the standard library manifest.

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[cursor]

PR Summary

Medium Risk
Medium risk due to new/modified core type definitions and extensive unsafe changes in symbol representation and allocator plumbing that could affect correctness across the compiler/runtime.

Overview
Expands HashQL stdlib with a first-class temporal type system. Introduces graph::temporal (and related sym:: entries) to replace the previous stub QueryTemporalAxes, and updates graph APIs/tests so time_axis is now a union of pinned decision/transaction temporal axes.

Refactors stdlib type construction and exposure. Extracts reusable type builders into public types submodules (e.g. core::{option,url,uuid}, graph::types::{ontology,principal,knowledge}, graph::temporal), makes several stdlib modules public, and migrates many hard-coded symbol/path strings to sym:: constants.

Heap/symbol infrastructure upgrades. Adds a thread-shareable bump ScratchPool, implements allocator-aware FromIn<&str, A> for Rc<str, A> with tests, adjusts allocator wrapper visibility for sibling types, and reworks symbol::RuntimeRepr’s allocation/layout and access patterns to avoid provenance issues (raw pointers + extern unsized type), updating affected golden test outputs.

^{Reviewed by Cursor Bugbot for commit 08c277c. Bugbot is set up for automated code reviews on this repo. Configure here.}

[indietyp]

Warning

This pull request is not mergeable via GitHub because a downstack PR is open. Once all requirements are satisfied, merge this PR as a stack on Graphite.
Learn more

• BE-513: HashQL: Rework dynamic aggregate size estimation #8697
• BE-512: HashQL: Allow cross-backend transitions for SwitchInt terminators #8696
• BE-524: HashQL: Remove island schedule module #8694
• BE-525: HashQL: Remove implicit type-widening from Integer operations, and make comparison size aware #8693
• BE-515: HashQL: Remove OFFSET 0 materialization fence from generated query #8650
• BE-514: HashQL: implement iterative adjustment passes in placement solver #8635
• BE-500, BE-501: HashQL: Unify mixed parameter resolution in data dependency analysis #8607
• BE-494: HashQL: Loop-breaker selection for recursive inlining #8600
• BE-482: HashQL: Remove logical not from MIR and fix postgres boolean lowering #8595
• BE-474: HashQL: Take into account terminator target eligibility in execution backend placement #8587
• BE-455: HashQL: Introduce evaluation orchestrator #8586
• BE-523: HashQL: Suspendable interpreter with structured values and input system #8675
• BE-522: HashQL: Expand stdlib type system with temporal types #8674 👈 (View in Graphite)
• BE-306: HashQL: PostgreSQL translation #8526
• BE-457: HashQL: MIR execution pipeline extensions for postgres compilation #8525
• BE-456: HashQL: Entity type model enrichment and graph store query extensions #8524
• BE-429: HashQL: Add island dependency graph with data requirement resolution #8501
• BE-428: HashQL: Simplify traversal tracking to path recording #8498
• BE-434: HashQL: Refactor entity storage path resolution with centralized schema mapping #8496
• BE-427: Add hashql-macros crate with procedural macros for ID types and symbols #8495
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will degrade performance by 17.91%

❌ 2 (👁 2) regressed benchmarks
✅ 78 untouched benchmarks

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
👁	unique[100]	20.1 µs	24.5 µs	-17.91%
👁	pattern_match_constant	180 ns	209.2 ns	-13.94%

---

_{Comparing bm/be-522-hashql-expand-stdlib-type-definitions (7d9f781) with bm/be-306-hashql-postgres-translation (b399240)}

[cursor]

Cursor Bugbot has reviewed your changes and found 1 potential issue.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 78.51623% with 139 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 68.05%. Comparing base (b399240) to head (7d9f781).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
libs/@local/hashql/core/src/heap/pool.rs	29.67%	64 Missing ⚠️
...src/module/std_lib/graph/types/knowledge/entity.rs	87.07%	34 Missing ⚠️
...l/hashql/core/src/module/std_lib/graph/temporal.rs	77.85%	31 Missing ⚠️
...ore/src/module/std_lib/graph/types/ontology/mod.rs	85.71%	5 Missing ⚠️
...e/std_lib/graph/types/principal/actor_group/web.rs	81.25%	3 Missing ⚠️
...e/std_lib/graph/types/principal/actor_group/mod.rs	87.50%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@                            Coverage Diff                            @@
##           bm/be-306-hashql-postgres-translation    #8674      +/-   ##
=========================================================================
+ Coverage                                  65.23%   68.05%   +2.81%     
=========================================================================
  Files                                       1224      909     -315     
  Lines                                     127974    85798   -42176     
  Branches                                    5409     4539     -870     
=========================================================================
- Hits                                       83480    58386   -25094     
+ Misses                                     43628    26828   -16800     
+ Partials                                     866      584     -282     

Flag	Coverage Δ
apps.hash-ai-worker-ts	1.41% <ø> (ø)
apps.hash-api	0.00% <ø> (ø)
blockprotocol.type-system	?
local.claude-hooks	?
local.harpc-client	?
local.hash-backend-utils	0.00% <ø> (ø)
local.hash-graph-sdk	9.63% <ø> (ø)
local.hash-isomorphic-utils	0.00% <ø> (ø)
rust.antsi	?
rust.error-stack	?
rust.harpc-codec	?
rust.harpc-net	?
rust.harpc-tower	?
rust.harpc-types	?
rust.harpc-wire-protocol	?
rust.hash-codec	?
rust.hash-graph-api	2.52% <ø> (?)
rust.hash-graph-authorization	?
rust.hash-graph-postgres-store	?
rust.hash-graph-store	?
rust.hash-graph-temporal-versioning	?
rust.hash-graph-types	?
rust.hash-graph-validation	?
rust.hashql-ast	87.23% <ø> (ø)
rust.hashql-compiletest	29.63% <ø> (ø)
rust.hashql-core	82.17% <78.51%> (-0.27%)	⬇️
rust.hashql-diagnostics	?
rust.hashql-eval	81.08% <ø> (ø)
rust.hashql-hir	89.06% <ø> (ø)
rust.hashql-mir	92.08% <ø> (ø)
rust.hashql-syntax-jexpr	94.05% <ø> (ø)

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[augmentcode]

🤖 Augment PR Summary

Summary: Expands HashQL’s stdlib type system with first-class temporal bounds/intervals, and refactors stdlib type exposure so monomorphized type instances can be constructed externally.

Changes:

• Adds a new ::graph::temporal module with Timestamp, temporal bound variants, Interval, and derived interval/axes types (including QueryTemporalAxes).
• Removes the prior stub QueryTemporalAxes definition from ::graph and updates call sites to source it from ::graph::temporal.
• Updates knowledge-graph entity stdlib types to use concrete temporal metadata (LeftClosedTemporalInterval) instead of opaque/unknown wrappers.
• Introduces per-module types submodules for constructing TypeId values with optional dependency injection.
• Makes several stdlib modules public to support external consumers building/using stdlib types.
• Adds heap::ScratchPool/ScratchPoolGuard for parallel bump allocation.
• Adds allocator-aware FromIn<&str, A> for Rc<str, A> plus unit tests.
• Refactors runtime symbol representation (RuntimeRepr) to use an extern "C" unsized tail and raw-pointer field access to avoid provenance issues.
• Extends the symbol table with new type/field/path symbols used across the updated stdlib.

Technical Notes: The PR increases public surface area (modules + types constructors) and introduces new unsafe internals around symbol representation; downstream consumers should validate any expected stdlib paths/names for compatibility.

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[augmentcode]

Review completed. 1 suggestion posted.

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