ci: publish all Rust workspace crates

[dcfocus]

Summary

• align Rust workspace crate versions for the 0.4.0 release
• add explicit versions to internal path dependencies so crates.io publishes resolve correctly
• publish the Rust workspace with one publish-crates invocation so the action can sort dependent crates and dry-run on PRs

Testing

• cargo check --workspace
• cargo check --manifest-path python/Cargo.toml
• cargo fmt --all -- --check
• cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings
• cargo test -p lance-context-core --no-run
• cargo test -p lance-context-core --lib
• cargo test -p lance-context-core --doc

Follow-up for the Rust crates.io publish failure observed during the v0.4.0 release. Does not close #82 by itself; #82 should close after the Rust publish is retried successfully.