Awesome OpenFHE

A curated list of amazing tools, products, tutorials, applications, publications, and other resources related to OpenFHE.

Table of Contents

• OpenFHE Software Interfaces
• Documentation Resources
• Tutorials
• Products, Frameworks, and Toolchains using OpenFHE
• Hardware Acceleration - Official Backends and Libraries
• Hardware Acceleration - Prototypes
• Extensions of OpenFHE
• Lists of Open-Source User Projects
• Videos of Conference Talks on Applications Implemented using OpenFHE
• Publications on Applications Implemented using OpenFHE
• Publications & Presentations on Private LLM Inference Implemented using OpenFHE
• Publications Describing OpenFHE Crypto Algorithms
• Publications with New Crypto Algorithms

OpenFHE Software Interfaces

• openfhe-development - Official C++ version.
• openfhe-python - Official Python wrapper for OpenFHE.
• openfhe-rs - Rust interface by FairMath.
• openfhe-wasm - Official WebAssembly (NodeJS) port.
• openfhe-julia - Julia interface led by Prof. Michael Schlottke-Lakemper, University of Augsburg.

Documentation Resources

• ReadTheDocs documentation - Main documentation for OpenFHE.
• Community Discourse Forum - Covers OpenFHE and general FHE questions.
• Education - Educational resources on FHE and OpenFHE led by Prof. Bill Buchanan, Edinburgh Napier University.

Tutorials

• OpenFHE Crash Course - July 2025.
• Homomorphic Encryption using OpenFHE - August 2024.
• OpenFHE AAAI 2024 Tutorial (Python) - February 2024.
• PALISADE (OpenFHE predecessor) webinars - 2020 to 2021

Products, Frameworks, and Toolchains using OpenFHE

• Duality Platform - Secure Query - Product for zero-footprint investigations.
• FHEON - Configurable framework for developing encrypted neural networks.
• FHERMA - Platform for ML and blockchain FHE challenges.
• Google HEIR - MLIR-based toolchain for homomorphic encryption compilers.
• Google Transpiler - C++ to FHE compiler.
• OpenFHE-NumPy - Numpy-like encrypted matrix arithmetic library.

Hardware Acceleration - Official Backends and Libraries

• openfhe-hexl - AVX: Intel HEXL library backend for OpenFHE (for acceleration on Intel processors).
• FIDESlib - GPU: A server-side CKKS GPU library fully interoperable with OpenFHE.

Hardware Acceleration - Prototypes

• OPENFHE-GPU-PUBLIC - A GPU library by Leo De Castro, Antigoni Polychroniadou, and Daniel Escudero (J.P. Morgan).

Extensions of OpenFHE

• CHIFHE - NTRU-based LMKCDEY scheme implementation.
• CircuitBootstrap - Circuit bootstrapping based on the improved LMKCDEY FHE scheme.
• zkOpenFHE - A ZKP-augmented fork of the OpenFHE library.
• palisade-abe - Lattice-based IBE and ciphertext-policy ABE based on PALISADE (OpenFHE predecessor)
• palisade-signature - Lattice-based digital signature based on PALISADE (OpenFHE predecessor)
• palisade-trapdoor - Lattice-based key-policy ABE, progam obfuscation, and subgaussian sampling based on PALISADE (OpenFHE predecessor)

Lists of Open-Source User Projects

• Contrib repository - A curated list of open-source community-contributed projects based on OpenFHE.
• FHE benchmarking suite - Fetch-by-similarity workload - Fetch-by-cosine-similarity reference workload.
• FHE benchmarking suite - ML inference - ML-inference reference workload.
• Show & tell - Projects shared in the OpenFHE Discourse forum.
• Diamond Indistinguishability Obfuscation - See the blog post for more information.
• Lightweight sorting using approximate homomorphic encryption - See paper for more information.

Videos of Conference Talks on Applications Implemented using OpenFHE

• QRYPT: End-to-End Encrypted Audio Calls via Blind Audio Mixing (Nokia Bell Labs) - Real Word Crypto 2025.
• OpenFHE (with Focus on Applications) - FHE.org Conference 2025.
• Privacy-Preserving Collision-Risk Assessment for LEO Satellites - FHE.org Conference 2025.

Publications on Applications Implemented using OpenFHE

Many of these publications have their open-source implementations available.

• PipFHE: Resource-efficient privacy-preserving deep CNN inference via padded batch packing and channel merging over FHE - IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (TCHES) 2026.
• Secure change-point detection for time series under homomorphic encryption - PoPETS 2026.
• Secure numerical simulations using fully homomorphic encryption - Computer Physics Communications 2026.
• IDFace: Face template protection for efficient and secure identification - IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision 2025.
• PrivTuner with homomorphic encryption and LoRA: a P3EFT scheme for privacy-preserving parameter-efficient fine-tuning of AI foundation models - IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025.
• Privacy-preserving cyberattack detection in blockchain-based IoT systems using AI and homomorphic encryption - IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025.
• HyDia: FHE-based facial matching with hybrid approximations and diagonalization - PoPETS 2025.
• Engorgio: an arbitrary-precision unbounded-size hybrid encrypted database via quantized fully homomorphic encryption - USENIX Security 2025.
• Efficient ranking, order statistics, and sorting under CKKS - USENIX Security 2025.
• Secure and scalable gene expression quantification with pQuant - Nature Communications 2025.
• HEPrune: fast private training of deep neural networks with encrypted data pruning - NeurIPS 2024.
• Encrypted image classification with low memory footprint using fully homomorphic encryption - International Journal of Neural Systems 2024.
• Towards efficient communication and secure federated recommendation system via low-rank training - ACM Web Conference 2024.
• Summation-based private segmented membership test from threshold-fully homomorphic encryption - PETS 2024.
• Encrypted system identification as-a-service via reliable encrypted matrix inversion - IEEE Conference on Decision and Control 2024.
• Towards secure AI-empowered vehicular networks: a federated learning approach using homomorphic encryption - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2024.
• Private pathological assessment via machine learning and homomorphic encryption - BioData Mining 2024.
• Improved multiplication-free biometric recognition under encryption - IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science 2023.
• Collaborative privacy-preserving analysis of oncological data using multiparty homomorphic encryption - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 2023.
• HELiKs: HE linear algebra kernels for secure inference - ACM CCS 2023.
• H3PC: enhanced security and privacy-preserving platoon construction based on fully homomorphic encryption - IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) 2023.
• HeSUN: homomorphic encryption for secure unbounded neural network inference - International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems 2023
• A probabilistic design for practical homomorphic majority voting with intrinsic differential privacy - WAHC 2023.
• Secure large-scale genome-wide association studies using homomorphic encryption - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 2020.

Publications & Presentations on Private LLM Inference Implemented using OpenFHE

• Tech keeps chatbots from leaking your data - IEEE Spectrum 2025.
• Latest trends and results in PPML using FHE - CRYPTO PPML Workshop 2025.
• Tricycle: private transformer inference with tricyclic encodings - Cryptology ePrint Archive 2025.
• Privacy-preserving large language model inference via GPU-accelerated fully homomorphic encryption - Neurips Safe Generative AI Workshop 2024.
• Transformer-based language models and homomorphic encryption: an intersection with BERT-tiny - 10th ACM International Workshop on Security and Privacy Analytics (2024).

Publications Describing OpenFHE Crypto Algorithms

The algorithms in these publications are already implemented in the official distribution of OpenFHE. All of these papers have at least one co-author from the OpenFHE design paper and most of these works were prepared as part of research projects advancing OpenFHE or its predecessors.

FHE Algorithms

• General functional bootstrapping using CKKS - CRYPTO 2025
• HRA-secure homomorphic lattice-based proxy re-encryption with tight security - IACR Communications in Cryptology (CiC) 2025.
• Efficient FHEW bootstrapping with small evaluation keys, and applications to threshold homomorphic encryption - EUROCRYPT 2023.
• High-precision RNS-CKKS on fixed but smaller word-size architectures: theory and application - WAHC 2023.
• Large-precision homomorphic sign evaluation using FHEW/TFHE bootstrapping - ASIACRYPT 2022.
• Approximate homomorphic encryption with reduced approximation error - CT-RSA 2022.
• Revisiting homomorphic encryption schemes for finite fields - ASIACRYPT 2021.
• Bootstrapping in FHEW-like cryptosystems - WAHC 2021.
• Implementation and performance evaluation of RNS variants of the BFV homomorphic encryption scheme - IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing 2021.
• An improved RNS variant of the BFV homomorphic encryption scheme - CT-RSA 2019.
• FHEW: bootstrapping homomorphic encryption in less than a second - EUROCRYPT 2015.

Lattice Trapdoor Sampling Algorithms

• Implementing token-based obfuscation under (Ring) LWE - WAHC 2020.
• Building an efficient lattice gadget toolkit: subgaussian sampling and more - EUROCRYPT 2019.
• Implementing conjunction obfuscation under entropic Ring LWE - IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy (SP) 2018.
• Faster Gaussian sampling for trapdoor lattices with arbitrary modulus - EUROCRYPT 2018.
• Gaussian sampling over the integers: efficient, generic, constant-time - CRYPTO 2017.

Publications with New Crypto Algorithms

OpenFHE was used to implement the new algorithms referenced below. Note that these algorithms have not been added to the official OpenFHE distribution yet.

• High-precision functional bootstrapping for CKKS from Fourier extension - EUROCRYPT 2026.
• Evaluating larger lookup tables using CKKS - IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (TCHES) 2026.
• Application-aware approximate homomorphic encryption: Configuring FHE for practical use - IACR Communications in Cryptology (CiC) 2026.
• NTRU-based bootstrapping for MK-FHEs without using overstretched parameters - ASIACRYPT 2024.
• Circuit bootstrapping: faster and smaller - EUROCRYPT 2024.
• Faster NTRU-based bootstrapping in less than 4 ms - IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (TCHES) 2024.
• Fast and accurate: efficient full-domain functional bootstrap and digit decomposition for homomorphic computation - IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (TCHES) 2024.
• Non-interactive private multivariate function evaluation using homomorphic table lookup - IACR Communications in Cryptology (CiC) 2024.
• Fast blind rotation for bootstrapping FHEs - CRYPTO 2023.