Add whisper-cuda-debug build target

[larryliu0820]

Add a debug build target for Whisper with CUDA backend. This allows
building the Whisper runner with debug symbols for easier debugging.

Changes:

• Add whisper-cuda-debug target to Makefile
• Add whisper-cuda-debug presets to CMakePresets.json

[larryliu0820]

Stack from ghstack (oldest at bottom):

• Add aoti_torch_item_bool and aoti_torch_assign_tensors_out shims #16345
• Add device type validation in aoti_torch_create_tensor_from_blob_v2 #16344
• -> Add whisper-cuda-debug build target #16343

[pytorch-bot]

🔗 Helpful Links

🧪 See artifacts and rendered test results at hud.pytorch.org/pr/pytorch/executorch/16343

• 📄 Preview Python docs built from this PR

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❌ 2 New Failures, 1 Unrelated Failure

As of commit 63a2766 with merge base 78c6b42 ():

NEW FAILURES - The following jobs have failed:

• pull / test-samsung-models-linux / linux-job (gh)
  test_mv2_fp16
• Test CUDA Builds / export-model-cuda-artifact (mistralai, Voxtral-Mini-3B-2507, non-quantized) / linux-job (gh)
  RuntimeError: Command docker exec -t cc45a5db9daf9adc25666fb42684c9c3fe5ae9ffced538ecfb99293c24a12655 /exec failed with exit code 1

UNSTABLE - The following job is marked as unstable, possibly due to flakiness on trunk:

• pull / android / run-emulator (gh) (#16137)
  Timeout waiting for emulator to boot.

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